Schur Nina, Samman Luna, Shah Milaan, Dukharan Victoria, Stegura Carol, Broughton Luke, Schlesinger Todd
Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Florida, USA.
Department of Dermatology, Garnet Health Medical Center, Middletown, New York, USA.
J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025 Jan;24(1):e16769. doi: 10.1111/jocd.16769.
Exosomes are a nanoscale extracellular vesicles derived from different cell types that have been investigated for various clinical applications, including functioning as biomarkers and use as direct therapeutics. Given the role of exosomes in multiple pathophysiologic pathways and potential practical applications, they have garnered significant interest in the scientific community but much is still unknown about their development and use.
This literature review covers the background, mechanisms of action, use as biomarkers, methods of application, and direct therapeutic applications of exosomes.
A literature review on the background and uses of exosomes was conducted. Key articles describing the pathophysiologic pathways and applications of exosomes were summarized and described.
Exosomes impact several cellular pathways which allow them to function as biomarkers for malignancy and inflammatory dermatoses and may make them useful therapeutics for skin rejuvenation, hair loss, and wound repair. Limitations of exosomes include an incomplete understanding of their functions and impacts and a lack of standardization in their production and application.
Exosomes are a unique and novel cellular medium that offer promise as a diagnostic tool and therapy. While there are limitations to the uses of exosomes as well as our current understanding of them, further investigation may yield additional applications and a larger role in medicine for exosomes.
外泌体是源自不同细胞类型的纳米级细胞外囊泡，已针对各种临床应用进行了研究，包括作为生物标志物以及用作直接治疗手段。鉴于外泌体在多种病理生理途径中的作用以及潜在的实际应用，它们在科学界引起了极大的兴趣，但关于它们的发育和用途仍有许多未知之处。
这篇文献综述涵盖了外泌体的背景、作用机制、作为生物标志物的用途、应用方法以及直接治疗应用。
对外泌体的背景和用途进行了文献综述。总结并描述了描述外泌体病理生理途径和应用的关键文章。
外泌体影响多种细胞途径，这使其能够作为恶性肿瘤和炎症性皮肤病的生物标志物发挥作用，并且可能使其成为皮肤年轻化、脱发和伤口修复的有用治疗手段。外泌体的局限性包括对其功能和影响的理解不完整，以及其生产和应用缺乏标准化。
外泌体是一种独特且新颖的细胞介质，有望作为诊断工具和治疗手段。虽然外泌体的用途以及我们目前对它们的理解存在局限性，但进一步的研究可能会产生更多的应用，并使外泌体在医学中发挥更大的作用。
