Rosenke Kyle, Griffin Amanda, Kaiser Franziska, Altynova Ekaterina, Mukesh Reshma, Bushmaker Trenton, Flagg Meaghan, Tipih Thomas, Goldin Kerry, Wickenhagen Arthur, Williamson Brandi N, Gallogly Shane, Leventhal Shanna S, Lutterman Tessa, Okumura Atsushi, Lewis Matthew C, Kanakabandi Kishore, Martens Craig, Yinda Kwe C, Rao Deepashri, Smith Brian J, Shaia Carl, Saturday Greg, Hanley Patrick, van Doremalen Neeltje, de Wit Emmie, Munster Vincent J, Feldmann Heinz
Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
Research Technologies Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
Nature. 2025 Apr;640(8060):1017-1021. doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08609-8. Epub 2025 Jan 15.
Since early 2022, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections have been reported in wild aquatic birds and poultry throughout the USA with spillover into several mammalian species. In March 2024, HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b was first detected in dairy cows in Texas, USA, and continues to circulate on dairy farms in many states. Milk production and quality are diminished in infected dairy cows, with high virus titres in milk raising concerns of exposure to mammals including humans through consumption. Here we investigated routes of infection with bovine HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in cynomolgus macaques, a surrogate model for human infection. We show that intranasal or intratracheal inoculation of macaques could cause systemic infection resulting in mild and severe respiratory disease, respectively. By contrast, infection by the orogastric route resulted in limited infection and seroconversion of macaques that remained subclinical.
自2022年初以来，美国各地的野生水禽和家禽中均报告了高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1病毒感染情况，并且该病毒已传播至多个哺乳动物物种。2024年3月，HPAIV H5N1进化分支2.3.4.4b首次在美国得克萨斯州的奶牛中被检测到，并且继续在许多州的奶牛场中传播。受感染奶牛的产奶量和奶质下降，牛奶中的病毒滴度很高，这引发了人们对包括人类在内的哺乳动物通过食用牛奶而接触病毒的担忧。在此，我们利用食蟹猴这一人类感染的替代模型，研究了牛HPAIV H5N1进化分支2.3.4.4b的感染途径。我们发现，对食蟹猴进行鼻内或气管内接种可分别导致全身感染，进而引发轻度和重度呼吸道疾病。相比之下，经口胃途径感染导致食蟹猴感染有限且出现血清转化，但这些食蟹猴仍处于亚临床状态。
