Li Bingying, Raghwani Jayna, Hill Sarah C, François Sarah, Lefrancq Noémie, Liang Yilin, Wang Zengmiao, Dong Lu, Lemey Phillipe, Pybus Oliver G, Tian Huaiyu
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Center for Global Change and Public Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
Sci Adv. 2025 Jan 24;11(4):eado9140. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ado9140. Epub 2025 Jan 22.
The effectiveness of poultry vaccination in preventing the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has been debated, and its impact on wild birds remains uncertain. Here, we reconstruct the movements of H5 subtype AIV lineages among vaccinated poultry, unvaccinated poultry, and wild birds, worldwide, from 1996 to 2023. We find that there is a time lag in viral transmission among different host populations and that movements from wild birds to unvaccinated poultry were more frequent than those from wild birds to vaccinated poultry. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the HA (hemagglutinin) gene of the AIV lineage that circulated predominately in Chinese poultry experienced greater nonsynonymous divergence and adaptive fixation than other lineages. Our results indicate that the epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary consequences of widespread AIV vaccination in poultry may be linked in complex ways and that much work is needed to better understand how such interventions may affect AIV transmission to, within, and from wild birds.
家禽疫苗接种在预防高致病性禽流感病毒（AIV）传播方面的有效性一直存在争议，其对野生鸟类的影响仍不确定。在此，我们重建了1996年至2023年全球范围内接种疫苗的家禽、未接种疫苗的家禽和野生鸟类中H5亚型AIV谱系的传播情况。我们发现不同宿主种群之间的病毒传播存在时间滞后，并且从野生鸟类到未接种疫苗的家禽的传播比从野生鸟类到接种疫苗的家禽的传播更为频繁。此外，我们的研究结果表明，在中国家禽中主要传播的AIV谱系的HA（血凝素）基因比其他谱系经历了更大的非同义差异和适应性固定。我们的结果表明，家禽中广泛进行AIV疫苗接种的流行病学、生态学和进化后果可能以复杂的方式相互关联，并且需要做大量工作来更好地了解此类干预措施如何影响AIV向野生鸟类的传播、在野生鸟类内部的传播以及从野生鸟类的传播。
