Liu Jiannan, Chen Hao, Li Chenhe, Du Kang, Yang Jun
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Front Genet. 2025 Jan 29;16:1436285. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1436285. eCollection 2025.
The GRAS [GRI (Gibberellic Acid Insensitive), RGA (Repressor of GAI-3 mutant), and SCR (Scarecrow)] transcription factors play a pivotal role in the development and stress responses of plants. is an important fast-growing tree species worldwide, yet its poor cold tolerance limits its cultivation range. This study conducted a bioinformatics analysis of grandis family and investigated the expression patterns of GRAS genes in different ploidy under cold treatment. This study identified 92 genes, which were divided into eight subfamilies. Interspecies synteny analysis found that and Populus trichocarpa have more syntenic gene pairs. Chromosome localization analysis revealed that 90 genes were found to be unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. Gene structure analysis found similar intron-exon structures in genes. Protein motif analysis revealed that proteins within the same subfamily have certain structural similarities. The physical and chemical properties of the proteins encoded by genes vary, but the ranges of amino acid numbers, molecular weights, and isoelectric points (pI) are similar to those of proteins from other species. Subcellular localization prediction using software found that 56 members of family are localized in the nucleus, with a few members localized in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. Tobacco subcellular localization experiments verified a nuclear-localized transcription factor. -acting element analysis predicted that genes are involved in the growth as well as the response to hormones, light induction, and low-temperature stress. Transcriptome data analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments in diploid and triploid Eucalyptus urophylla found that some EgrGRAS genes exhibited upregulated expression under different cold treatment durations, with certain genes from the LISCL, PAT1, and DELLA subfamilies significantly upregulated in triploid Eucalyptus. These transcription factors may play an important role in response to cold stress. The study lays a molecular foundation for the breeding of cold-resistant varieties.
GRAS[赤霉素不敏感（GRI）、GAI - 3突变体的抑制因子（RGA）和稻草人（SCR）]转录因子在植物的发育和胁迫响应中起关键作用。巨桉是全球重要的速生树种，但其耐寒性差限制了其种植范围。本研究对巨桉家族进行了生物信息学分析，并研究了不同倍性巨桉在冷处理下GRAS基因的表达模式。本研究鉴定出92个巨桉GRAS基因，这些基因被分为八个亚家族。种间共线性分析发现巨桉与毛果杨有更多的共线性GRAS基因对。染色体定位分析表明，90个巨桉GRAS基因在11条染色体上分布不均。基因结构分析发现巨桉GRAS基因具有相似的内含子 - 外显子结构。蛋白质基序分析表明，同一亚家族内的蛋白质具有一定的结构相似性。巨桉GRAS基因编码的蛋白质的理化性质各不相同，但氨基酸数量、分子量和等电点（pI）范围与其他物种的GRAS蛋白质相似。使用软件进行亚细胞定位预测发现，巨桉GRAS家族的56个成员定位于细胞核，少数成员定位于细胞质、叶绿体和线粒体。烟草亚细胞定位实验验证了一个定位于细胞核的巨桉GRAS转录因子。顺式作用元件分析预测，巨桉GRAS基因参与生长以及对激素、光诱导和低温胁迫的响应。对二倍体和三倍体尾叶桉的转录组数据分析和定量实时PCR（qRT - PCR）实验发现，一些EgrGRAS基因在不同冷处理时间下表达上调，LISCL、PAT1和DELLA亚家族的某些基因在三倍体尾叶桉中显著上调。这些巨桉GRAS转录因子可能在巨桉对冷胁迫的响应中起重要作用。该研究为耐寒巨桉品种的选育奠定了分子基础。
