具有甲型流感（H1N1）pdm09免疫力的雪貂对甲型流感（H5N1）的免疫反应。

Influenza A(H5N1) Immune Response among Ferrets with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Immunity.

作者信息

Le Sage Valerie, Werner Bailee D, Merrbach Grace A, Petnuch Sarah E, O'Connell Aoife K, Simmons Holly C, McCarthy Kevin R, Reed Douglas S, Moncla Louise H, Bhavsar Disha, Krammer Florian, Crossland Nicholas A, McElroy Anita K, Duprex W Paul, Lakdawala Seema S

出版信息

Emerg Infect Dis. 2025 Mar;31(3):477-487. doi: 10.3201/eid3103.241485.

The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle herds across the United States in 2024 caused several human infections. Understanding the risk for spillover infections into humans is crucial for protecting public health. We investigated whether immunity from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) virus would provide protection from death and severe clinical disease among ferrets intranasally infected with H5N1 virus from dairy cows from the 2024 outbreak. We observed differential tissue tropism among pH1N1-immune ferrets. pH1N1-immune ferrets also had little H5N1 viral dissemination to organs outside the respiratory tract and much less H5N1 virus in nasal secretions and the respiratory tract than naive ferrets. In addition, ferrets with pH1N1 immunity produced antibodies that cross-reacted with H5N1 neuraminidase protein. Taken together, our results suggest that humans with immunity to human seasonal influenza viruses may experience milder disease from the 2024 influenza A(H5N1) virus strain.

2024年，高致病性甲型禽流感（H5N1）病毒在美国各地奶牛群中出现，导致数起人类感染病例。了解病毒溢出感染人类的风险对于保护公众健康至关重要。我们调查了甲型流感（H1N1）pdm09（pH1N1）病毒产生的免疫力是否能保护雪貂免受2024年疫情中感染H5N1病毒的奶牛鼻腔感染后的死亡和严重临床疾病。我们观察到pH1N1免疫雪貂之间存在不同的组织嗜性。与未免疫的雪貂相比，pH1N1免疫雪貂的H5N1病毒向呼吸道外器官的传播也很少，鼻腔分泌物和呼吸道中的H5N1病毒也少得多。此外，具有pH1N1免疫力的雪貂产生了与H5N1神经氨酸酶蛋白发生交叉反应的抗体。综上所述，我们的结果表明，对人类季节性流感病毒具有免疫力的人感染2024年甲型（H5N1）流感病毒后，病情可能会较轻。