Synthesis methods impact silver nanoparticle properties and phenolic compound production in grapevine cell cultures.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of nanoparticles with promising applications in various fields due to their unique characteristics. This study was carried out to determine the effects of AgNPs obtained by different green syntheses procedures on their characteristic properties and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in cell suspension cultures of Kalecik Karası grape cultivar. AgNPs were obtained by 24 different green synthesis methods including modifications in extraction method, reaction pH and conditions. When the results of the analyses conducted to determine the structural properties of AgNPs are evaluated, it was observed that more spherical and smaller nanoparticles were synthesized under alkaline conditions. The smallest NP size was detected as 8.9 nm in NP11, while the largest NP size (59.6 nm) was found in NP19. AgNPs obtained at room conditions for 4 h and pH 7 significantly increased the total phenolic, trans-resveratrol, catechin and epicatechin contents, while water or methanol extracts used in the synthesis had no significant effect. As a result of the study, it was determined that not only the characteristic properties of AgNPs but also their effectiveness on the secondary metabolite production varied significantly depending on the extraction method, pH and conditions of the reaction solution during synthesis.