Cohen Z B, Rice L I, Felice M E
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1985 Jul;24(7):387-90. doi: 10.1177/000992288502400705.
Ninety low socioeconomic adolescent females (aged 16-22 years, means 18.6 years) were screened for rubella immunity using a rubella IgG enzyme immunoassay. Data concerning past immunizations (with documentation, if possible), prior rubella disease, and previous pregnancies were gathered through direct interviews. Results revealed 20 percent (18/90 girls) were seronegative. Fifty-eight percent (42/72) of the seropositive girls and 50 percent (9/18) of the seronegative girls gave verbal reports of previous rubella immunization, but only 11 subjects (12.2%) could provide documentation of previous vaccination, including one seronegative subject. Thirty-one percent (28/90) of the study population had a history of one or more previous pregnancies (22 therapeutic abortions, 10 live births, and 8 spontaneous abortions). A comparison of the seronegativity rate between the 28 girls who were pregnant previously and the 62 girls who were never pregnant demonstrated a significantly higher seronegativity rate among those who had been pregnant (29% vs. 16%; chi 2 = 5.51; p less than 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the seronegativity rate in this age group is consistent with previous reports of rubella immunity, few adolescents can provide documentation of rubella vaccination, and presentation for abortion is an optimal time to vaccinate rubella susceptible females.
使用风疹IgG酶免疫测定法对90名社会经济地位较低的青春期女性（年龄16 - 22岁，平均18.6岁）进行风疹免疫力筛查。通过直接访谈收集有关既往免疫接种情况（如有可能提供相关记录）、既往风疹疾病史和既往妊娠情况的数据。结果显示，20%（18/90名女孩）血清学阴性。血清学阳性女孩中有58%（42/72）和血清学阴性女孩中有50%（9/18）口头报告曾接种风疹疫苗，但只有11名受试者（12.2%）能提供既往疫苗接种的记录，其中包括1名血清学阴性受试者。研究人群中有31%（28/90）有过一次或多次既往妊娠史（22例治疗性流产、10例活产和8例自然流产）。对28名既往怀孕女孩和62名从未怀孕女孩的血清学阴性率进行比较，结果显示曾怀孕女孩的血清学阴性率显著更高（29%对16%；卡方检验=5.51；p<0.05）。本研究结果表明，该年龄组的血清学阴性率与既往风疹免疫力报告一致，很少有青少年能提供风疹疫苗接种记录，而流产就诊是为风疹易感女性接种疫苗的最佳时机。
