患者支持需求方法（SNAP）：瑞典专业姑息家庭护理中患者和护士视角下的内容效度及反应过程
The Support Needs Approach for Patients (SNAP): content validity and response processes from the perspective of patients and nurses in Swedish specialised palliative home care.
作者信息
Hagelin Carina Lundh, Holm Maja, Axelsson Lena, Rosén Marjukka, Norell Terés, Godoy Zilmara Suárez, Farquhar Morag, Ewing Gail, Gardener A Carole, Årestedt Kristofer, Alvariza Anette
机构信息
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Health Care Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Palliat Care. 2025 Mar 18;24(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12904-025-01715-4.
BACKGROUND
The Support Needs Approach for Patients (SNAP) enables patients to reflect on, identify and prioritise their own support needs from a holistic perspective and enable tailored support. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the content validity and response processes for the Swedish version of the SNAP Tool among patients with life-threatening illness and palliative care needs, and registered nurses (RN) in specialized palliative home care services.
METHODS
This was a two-stage validation study: (I) translation of the original English version of the SNAP Tool into Swedish, and (II) examination of content validity for patients and RNs in specialized palliative home care, and response processes among the patients. Cognitive interviews were conducted with patients (n=11) and focus groups with RNs (n=10). Data were, in stage II, analysed for relevance, clarity, and sensitivity.
RESULTS
The translation process identified a few differences in wordings that were thoroughly debated to retain the meaning of the questions. Both patients and RNs considered the Swedish version of the SNAP Tool relevant to the palliative care context and its questions clear and easy to understand. Patients believed that their responses on the tool could be helpful in providing a clear structure for conversations and present a picture of their individual support needs. There were just a few considerations about sensitivity of questions from the patients' perspectives and the RNs felt that some of the questions may need to be handled with care.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that the Swedish version of the SNAP Tool has good coverage of Swedish patients' support needs, and that the questions are perceived as intended. This indicates that the SNAP Tool effectively captures a wide range of support needs and aligns with its intended purpose. The tool is appropriate for specialized palliative home care and allows the SNAP intervention to be made available to this group of patients.
背景
患者支持需求方法（SNAP）使患者能够从整体角度反思、识别并优先考虑自身的支持需求，并获得量身定制的支持。因此，本研究的目的是检验SNAP工具瑞典语版本在患有危及生命疾病且有姑息治疗需求的患者以及专业姑息家庭护理服务中的注册护士（RN）中的内容效度和应答过程。
方法
这是一项两阶段验证研究：（I）将SNAP工具的原始英语版本翻译成瑞典语，（II）检验专业姑息家庭护理中患者和RN的内容效度以及患者的应答过程。对11名患者进行了认知访谈，对10名RN进行了焦点小组访谈。在第二阶段，对数据进行相关性、清晰度和敏感性分析。
结果
翻译过程中发现了一些措辞上的差异，经过充分讨论以保留问题的含义。患者和RN都认为SNAP工具的瑞典语版本与姑息治疗背景相关，其问题清晰易懂。患者认为他们在该工具上的回答有助于为对话提供清晰的结构，并呈现出他们个人的支持需求情况。从患者的角度来看，对问题敏感性的考虑较少，RN认为有些问题可能需要谨慎处理。
结论
本研究表明，SNAP工具的瑞典语版本很好地涵盖了瑞典患者的支持需求，且问题被按预期理解。这表明SNAP工具有效地捕捉了广泛的支持需求，并与其预期目的相符。该工具适用于专业姑息家庭护理，使SNAP干预能够提供给这组患者。
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