Shaw Vikram R, Byun Jinyoung, Han Younghun, Amos Christopher I
Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 1;15(1):11114. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89209-4.
Smoking may be associated with an increased risk of lung metastasis in cancers of non-lung origin. We leverage survey and electronic health record data from the diverse All of Us Research Program (AoURP) database to investigate whether smoking and smoking-related behaviors increase the risk of lung metastasis in non-lung primary cancers. The results suggest that cigarette use, measured by four continuous variables, does not increase the risk of lung metastasis in seven common cancer types but demonstrates a small significant effect in a cohort including all types of cancer in the database in both univariable and multivariable analyses. An increased odds ratio of electronic smoke use in patients with lung metastasis was seen in multivariable analyses of the all cancer (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04-1.59, P = 0.02) and liver cancer (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.06-2.28, P = 0.02) groups. After adjusting for estimated cigarette pack years in the multivariable model, the result remained significant for liver cancer (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.02-2.47, P = 0.04) but not the all cancer cohort. These results warrant further inquiry and suggest that smoking and e-cigarettes may be associated with lung metastasis risk in patients with non-lung tumors.
吸烟可能与非肺源性癌症发生肺转移的风险增加有关。我们利用来自多样化的“我们所有人研究计划”（AoURP）数据库的调查和电子健康记录数据，来研究吸烟及与吸烟相关的行为是否会增加非肺原发性癌症发生肺转移的风险。结果表明，用四个连续变量衡量的吸烟情况，在七种常见癌症类型中不会增加肺转移风险，但在单变量和多变量分析中，对于数据库中包含所有癌症类型的队列显示出小的显著影响。在对所有癌症（比值比[OR]=1.29，95%置信区间[CI]=1.04-1.59，P=0.02）和肝癌（OR=1.57，95%CI=1.06-2.28，P=0.02）组进行的多变量分析中，发现肺转移患者使用电子烟的比值比增加。在多变量模型中调整估计的吸烟包年数后，肝癌组结果仍具有显著性（OR=1.60，95%CI=1.02-2.47，P=0.04），但所有癌症队列则不然。这些结果值得进一步探究，并表明吸烟和电子烟可能与非肺肿瘤患者的肺转移风险有关。
