Nanoparticles as New Antifungals in the Prevention of Bovine Mycotic Caused by spp. and spp.-In Vitro Studies.

Bacterial infections are the primary cause of in dairy cattle. Fungal occurs in 1-12% of cases. Antibiotic therapy, the standard treatment for , has led to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, reducing treatment efficacy and increasing fungal occurrence. Antibiotics lack biocidal effects on fungi, which often exhibit resistance to antifungal agents. This study evaluated the antifungal properties of nanoparticles (NPs) against , , , var. , , and . Tested NPs included gold (AuNPs), silver (AgNPs), copper (CuNPs), iron with hydrophilic carbon coating (FeCNPs) (1.56-25 mg/L), and platinum (PtNPs) (0.625-10 mg/L), along with their complexes. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) at 0.75-25 mg/L for AuNPs, AgNPs, CuNPs, and FeCNPs and 0.313-10 mg/L for PtNPs, as well as fungal sensitivity to standard antifungals, were determined. Each strain showed different sensitivities depending on the NPs used and their concentrations. was the most resistant to nanoparticles, while was the most susceptible. PtNPs and FeCNPs showed no or weak biocidal properties. Some mycotic-resistant strains were sensitive to nanoparticles. This study indicates a high in vitro antifungal potential for the application of nanoparticles, especially AgCuNPs, as a new effective non-antibiotic agent for the prevention and control of mycotic in dairy cattle.