Blake Henry T, Davis Aaron, Mellow Maddison L, Hull Melissa, Robins Bethany, Laver Kate, Dumuid Dorothea, Olds Timothy, Keage Hannah A D, Di Venuto Lui, Smith Ashleigh E
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments (IVE), UniSA Creative, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Front Digit Health. 2025 May 23;7:1544489. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2025.1544489. eCollection 2025.
Using co-design principles based on the Health CASCADE framework, we aimed to describe the collaborative process undertaken to develop a 24-hour time-use intervention, called Small Steps, which promoted gradual and incremental health-behavior change. A secondary aim was to reflect on the challenges and benefits of co-design in this project, offering insights into the "why" and "how" to co-design 24-hour time-use interventions with priority populations. Twelve participants were invited and participated in 6 co-design workshops (June 2023-January 2024). To prioritize older adults' views in the end-product, 8 adults aged >65 years (the target population) and 4 allied health professionals with >2 years' experience working with the target population were recruited. Workshops and activities were structured using the British Design Council's Double Diamond Design Process to stimulate design thinking. Where possible, participant-led documentation was used to reduce the bias associated with academic scribing and empower participants to provide input and facilitate ownership for the project. Workshop activities and discussions were captured through printouts, audio and iPad screen recordings and analyzed through reflexive thematic and content analysis. Co-designers contributed to all elements of the intervention including the website design, the content, and the level of researcher input during the intervention. Iterative improvements were made based on the unique perspectives and needs of the community experts. During the action planning process, older adults wanted both support and autonomy, while maintaining the freedom to adapt these options to their individual needs. Older adults also preferred a step-by-step approach, allowing for gradual behavior changes across the intervention to avoid feelings of becoming overwhelmed. The co-design process enabled the tailoring of the Small Steps intervention to the specific needs of its intended audience. Key factors contributing to the co-design included flexibility in the design process, fostering a supportive environment, and empowering participants through activities that guided and stimulated their thinking. These elements not only helped shape the development of Small Steps but reinforced the value of co-design in developing personalised interventions for older adults.
基于健康级联框架的协同设计原则，我们旨在描述为开发一项名为“小步行动”的24小时时间利用干预措施所开展的协作过程，该干预措施促进了健康行为的逐步和渐进式改变。第二个目标是反思该项目中协同设计的挑战和益处，深入了解与优先人群共同设计24小时时间利用干预措施的“原因”和“方法”。邀请了12名参与者并参加了6次协同设计研讨会（2023年6月至2024年1月）。为了在最终产品中优先考虑老年人的观点，招募了8名65岁以上的成年人（目标人群）和4名与目标人群合作超过2年的专职医疗专业人员。研讨会和活动采用英国设计协会的双钻石设计流程进行组织，以激发设计思维。在可能的情况下，使用参与者主导的记录方式，以减少与学术记录相关的偏差，并使参与者能够提供意见并促进其对项目的主人翁意识。通过打印件、音频和iPad屏幕录制来记录研讨会活动和讨论，并通过反思性主题和内容分析进行分析。协同设计者参与了干预措施的所有要素，包括网站设计、内容以及干预期间研究人员的投入程度。根据社区专家的独特观点和需求进行了迭代改进。在行动计划过程中，老年人既希望得到支持又希望保持自主性，同时保留根据个人需求调整这些选项的自由。老年人也更喜欢循序渐进的方法，以便在整个干预过程中逐步改变行为，避免产生不堪重负的感觉。协同设计过程使“小步行动”干预措施能够根据目标受众的特定需求进行量身定制。促成协同设计的关键因素包括设计过程中的灵活性、营造支持性环境以及通过引导和激发参与者思维的活动赋予他们权力。这些要素不仅有助于塑造“小步行动”的发展，还强化了协同设计在为老年人开发个性化干预措施方面的价值。
