用于磁共振引导介入的3D打印维生素D浸渍导管：概念验证和成像特征

3D printed vitamin D impregnated catheters for magnetic resonance-guided interventions: proof of concept and imaging characteristics.

作者信息

Cunningham Liam O, Ganapathy Aravinda, Eldeniz Cihat, Weisman Jeffery A, Lindsay Kevin E, Jammalamadaka Udayabhanu, Tappa Karthik, Salter Amber, An Hongyu, Woodard Pamela K, Ballard David H

机构信息

School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Stop 8131, St. Louis, MO, 63310, USA.

出版信息

3D Print Med. 2025 Jun 13;11(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s41205-025-00273-y.

DOI:10.1186/s41205-025-00273-y

PMID:40512429

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12164080/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Catheters used for magnetic resonance (MR)-guided interventions require intra-catheter coils and often produce artifacts. This study aimed to fabricate 3D-printed catheters impregnated with vitamin D solution to allow for optimal visualization during MR-guided procedures.

METHODS

3D printing was used to fabricate catheters impregnated with vitamin D solution. Computer-aided design files were generated for a size 18 French catheter prototype with a compartment for vitamin D solution to be manually introduced into the catheter's lumen and sealed via thermoplastic welding. Polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic was 3D printed into filaments via material extrusion (FDM, Stratasys, Eden Prairie, MN) on a 5th generation Replicator 3D printer (MakerBot). Three different forms of vitamin D were used, cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, and calcitriol, and 0.9% normal saline served as a control. Three prints of each catheter type were fabricated and scanned using a 1.5 T MR whole body scanner (Avanto, Siemens Healthcare) inside a small flex loop surface radiofrequency (RF) coil. A 3D gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequence was used with the following acquisition parameters: 4.52/11 ms TE/TR, 15° flip angle, 256 × 256 matrix with 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm in-plane resolution, 24 coronal slabs, 2 mm thickness, and 140 Hz receiver bandwidth. Three averages were used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The GRE sequence was run with 4 different flip angles: 3°, 15°, 30°, and 45° to perform T1 mapping.

RESULTS

All 3D-printed catheters impregnated with vitamin D produced a signal on MR. SNR for vitamin D catheters was similar across the various forms of vitamin D: mean SNRs for 100% cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, and calcitriol were 138, 139, and 130. Mean SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for vitamin D catheters were significantly higher than the control saline catheter (p < 0.001, for both SNR and CNR). T1 values were lower in vitamin D-impregnated catheters compared to the saline control (228 ± 67 ms and 3371 ± 493 ms, respectively; p < 0.0001), indicating a better signal.

CONCLUSIONS

3D printing of catheters impregnated with vitamin D is feasible and can potentially optimize MR-guided procedures.

摘要

背景

用于磁共振（MR）引导介入的导管需要内置导管线圈，且常常会产生伪影。本研究旨在制造浸渍有维生素D溶液的3D打印导管，以便在MR引导的手术过程中实现最佳可视化。

方法

采用3D打印制造浸渍有维生素D溶液的导管。生成了18号法式导管原型的计算机辅助设计文件，该导管有一个隔室，用于将维生素D溶液手动引入导管内腔，并通过热塑性焊接密封。聚乳酸（PLA）生物塑料通过材料挤出（熔融沉积成型，FDM，Stratasys，伊登草原市，明尼苏达州）在第五代Replicator 3D打印机（MakerBot）上3D打印成细丝。使用了三种不同形式的维生素D，即胆钙化醇、麦角钙化醇和骨化三醇，并用0.9%的生理盐水作为对照。每种导管类型制作三个打印件，并在小型柔性环形表面射频（RF）线圈内使用1.5T MR全身扫描仪（Avanto，西门子医疗）进行扫描。使用3D梯度回波（GRE）序列，采集参数如下：TE/TR为4.52/11ms，翻转角为15°，矩阵为256×256，平面分辨率为0.5mm×0.5mm，24个冠状层面，层厚2mm，接收带宽140Hz。采用三次平均以提高信噪比（SNR）。GRE序列以4种不同的翻转角运行：3°、15°、30°和45°，以进行T1映射。

结果

所有浸渍有维生素D的3D打印导管在MR上均产生信号。不同形式维生素D的维生素D导管的SNR相似：100%胆钙化醇、麦角钙化醇和骨化三醇的平均SNR分别为138、139和130。维生素D导管的平均SNR和对比噪声比（CNR）显著高于对照生理盐水导管（SNR和CNR均p<0.001）。与生理盐水对照相比，浸渍有维生素D的导管的T1值更低（分别为228±67ms和3371±493ms；p<0.0001），表明信号更好。