Ohlsén L, Englesson S, Evers H
Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;19(2):201-9. doi: 10.3109/02844318509072377.
A 5% eutectic mixture of the two local anaesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA, Astra Läkemedel AB) has been tested for application to the skin in the removal of split skin grafts. EMLA is an oil-in-water emulsion cream, containing 50 mg of active substances per ml (25 mg lidocaine, 25 mg prilocaine). The cream has been used on the donor sites of 146 patients and was applied a minimum of 1 h 30 min before surgery. 123 patients (84.3%) experienced adequate analgesia, feeling only the pressure of the dermatome or slight pain without objection to the skin graft being cut. 20 patients (13.7%) described the pain as being moderate, but the operation could be completed without further local or general anaesthesia. Three patients (2.0%) needed additional anaesthesia. Six patients complained of slight transient irritation immediately after application. After removal of the cream, erythema was present in 42 patients, pallor in 62 and oedema in 14. The concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine in the blood were measured in 106 patients and did not exceed 1100 ng ml-1 for lidocaine and 200 ng ml-1 for prilocaine. There were no systemic side-effects.
两种局部麻醉药利多卡因和丙胺卡因的5%共晶混合物（复方利多卡因乳膏，阿斯特拉制药公司）已被用于测试在取皮片时涂抹于皮肤上的效果。复方利多卡因乳膏是一种水包油乳剂乳膏，每毫升含有50毫克活性物质（25毫克利多卡因，25毫克丙胺卡因）。该乳膏已用于146例患者的供皮区，手术前至少涂抹1小时30分钟。123例患者（84.3%）获得了充分的镇痛效果，仅感觉到取皮刀的压力或轻微疼痛，对切取皮片没有异议。20例患者（13.7%）称疼痛为中度，但手术可在无需进一步局部或全身麻醉的情况下完成。3例患者（2.0%）需要额外麻醉。6例患者在涂抹后立即抱怨有轻微的短暂刺激。去除乳膏后，42例患者出现红斑，62例患者出现苍白，14例患者出现水肿。对106例患者的血液中利多卡因和丙胺卡因的浓度进行了测量，利多卡因浓度未超过1100纳克/毫升，丙胺卡因浓度未超过200纳克/毫升。未出现全身副作用。
