Razzaghi Mahmood
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jul 18;17(14):1982. doi: 10.3390/polym17141982.
Microneedle arrays (MNAs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their ease of use and effectiveness in drug delivery and diagnostic applications. Improvements in three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have made it possible to fabricate MNAs with high precision, intricate designs, and customizable properties, expanding their potential in medical applications. While most studies have focused on transdermal applications, non-transdermal uses remain relatively underexplored. This review summarizes recent developments in 3D-printed MNAs intended for non-transdermal drug delivery and diagnostic purposes. It includes a literature review of studies published in the past ten years, organized by the target delivery site-such as the brain and central nervous system (CNS), oral cavity, eyes, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and cardiovascular and reproductive systems, among other emerging areas. The findings show that 3D-printed MNAs are more adaptable than skin-based delivery, opening up exciting new possibilities for use in a variety of organs and systems. To guarantee the effective incorporation of polymeric non-transdermal MNAs into clinical practice, additional research is necessary to address current issues with materials, manufacturing processes, and regulatory approval.
微针阵列（MNAs）因其在药物递送和诊断应用中的易用性和有效性而越来越受欢迎。三维（3D）打印技术的改进使得制造具有高精度、复杂设计和可定制特性的微针阵列成为可能，从而扩大了它们在医学应用中的潜力。虽然大多数研究集中在经皮应用，但非经皮用途仍相对未得到充分探索。本综述总结了用于非经皮药物递送和诊断目的的3D打印微针阵列的最新进展。它包括对过去十年发表的研究的文献综述，这些研究按目标递送部位进行组织，如大脑和中枢神经系统（CNS）、口腔、眼睛、胃肠道（GI）、心血管和生殖系统等其他新兴领域。研究结果表明，3D打印的微针阵列比基于皮肤的递送更具适应性，为在各种器官和系统中的应用开辟了令人兴奋的新可能性。为了确保将聚合物非经皮微针阵列有效纳入临床实践，需要进行更多研究以解决当前在材料、制造工艺和监管批准方面的问题。
