Saad Muhammad Attaullah, Hussain Syed Makhdoom, Ali Shafaqat, Ghafoor Abdul, Shah Syed Zakir Hussain, Alasmari Abdulrahman, Khalid Anam
Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Vet Res Commun. 2025 Sep 20;49(6):320. doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-10890-x.
This research aimed to explore the positive impacts of Ocimum sanctum on Oreochromis niloticus against waterborne cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Total 180 fish (18.41 ± 0.11 g/fish) were distributed into six experimental groups, with three replicates per group, across 18 experimental tanks. Cadmium chloride (CdCl) was used at a concentration of 3 µg/L. Six treatment groups were: the negative control group, without any supplement or Cd exposure; the positive control group, which received no supplements but exposed to Cd; third group with 10 g/kg supplementation along with Cd 3 µg/L exposure; fourth group with 20 g/kg supplementation along with Cd 3 µg/L exposure; fifth group with 30 g/kg supplementation along with Cd 3 µg/L exposure; and sixth group with 40 g/kg supplementation along with Cd 3 µg/L exposure. The trial lasted for sixty days. Results revealed that waterborne Cd exposure adversely affect the fish growth, body composition, and hematological parameters. However, incorporating O. sanctum considerably increased fish survival and reduced the harmful impacts of Cd. Notably, supplementation at a rate of 30 g/kg improved growth, enhanced carcass quality, and restored blood indices. Ultimately, the results showed that heavy metal toxicity could be successfully mitigated in O. niloticus aquaculture by adding 30 g/kg of O. sanctum as a nutritional supplement. The present findings suggest that the potent bioactive compounds like eugenol and urosolic acid, exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, stress-reducing immunostimulant, and hepatoprotective properties in O. sanctum which improve growth, body composition, and hematological parameters while mitigating the effects of Cd toxicity in O. niloticus.
本研究旨在探讨圣罗勒对尼罗罗非鱼抵抗水体镉（Cd）毒性的积极影响。总共180条鱼（平均体重18.41 ± 0.11克/条）被分配到六个实验组，每组三个重复，分布在18个实验水箱中。氯化镉（CdCl）的使用浓度为3微克/升。六个处理组分别为：阴性对照组，不添加任何物质且不接触镉；阳性对照组，不添加任何物质但接触镉；第三组添加10克/千克的圣罗勒并接触3微克/升的镉；第四组添加20克/千克的圣罗勒并接触3微克/升的镉；第五组添加30克/千克的圣罗勒并接触3微克/升的镉；第六组添加40克/千克的圣罗勒并接触3微克/升的镉。试验持续了60天。结果显示，水体镉暴露对鱼类生长、身体组成和血液学参数产生了不利影响。然而，添加圣罗勒显著提高了鱼类存活率，并降低了镉的有害影响。值得注意的是，添加量为30克/千克时改善了生长，提高了胴体品质，并恢复了血液指标。最终，结果表明，在尼罗罗非鱼养殖中添加30克/千克的圣罗勒作为营养补充剂可以成功减轻重金属毒性。目前的研究结果表明，圣罗勒中的丁香酚和熊果酸等强效生物活性化合物具有抗菌、抗氧化、减压免疫刺激和肝脏保护特性，这些特性可改善尼罗罗非鱼的生长、身体组成和血液学参数，同时减轻镉毒性的影响。
