Najafi Fatemeh, Maleki-Hajiagha Arezoo, Farsani Nasim Kaveh, Tavakkol Majed, Sharma Akansha, Sheykholeslami Seyedeh Elaheh, Farahmand Faranak, Kazemi Zahra, Katebi Asal, Farmani Ahmad Reza, Chalati Tamim
Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2026 Feb 9;37(1):37. doi: 10.1007/s10856-025-06981-5.
Over the past few decades, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as a focal point of research due to their versatility and diverse applications across biomedical and technological domains. The rapid advancement in nanotechnology has enabled MNPs to be utilized in drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cancer therapy. In biomedical applications, MNPs are valued for their small size, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to external magnetic fields, facilitating targeted drug delivery, cell tracking, and magnetic hyperthermia. MNPs can be functionalized with therapeutic agents for precision-targeted delivery and magneto-mechanical activation at the cellular level. This review explores the synthesis and characterization of MNPs, focusing on their therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Iron oxide nanoparticles have been studied for their ability to target tumors through passive and active mechanisms, allowing controlled drug release within the tumor microenvironment. Coating MNPs with biocompatible materials enhances their stability and drug loading capacity while reducing toxicity. MNPs are also integrated with other nanotechnologies to create multifunctional theranostic platforms combining treatment and imaging capabilities. Despite promising preclinical results, clinical translation requires further optimization to address challenges like targeting efficiency and regulatory approval. Continued research and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to fully realize the potential of MNPs in advancing precision medicine and improving patient outcomes.
在过去几十年中，磁性纳米颗粒（MNPs）因其多功能性以及在生物医学和技术领域的广泛应用而成为研究焦点。纳米技术的迅速发展使MNPs能够用于药物递送、磁共振成像（MRI）和癌症治疗。在生物医学应用中，MNPs因其尺寸小、生物相容性好以及对外部磁场的响应性而受到重视，有助于实现靶向药物递送、细胞追踪和磁热疗。MNPs可以用治疗剂进行功能化，以实现细胞水平的精准靶向递送和磁机械激活。本综述探讨了MNPs的合成与表征，重点关注其在癌症治疗中的治疗潜力。氧化铁纳米颗粒因其通过被动和主动机制靶向肿瘤的能力而受到研究，可以在肿瘤微环境中实现可控的药物释放。用生物相容性材料包覆MNPs可提高其稳定性和载药能力，同时降低毒性。MNPs还与其他纳米技术相结合，创建了兼具治疗和成像功能的多功能诊疗平台。尽管临床前结果很有前景，但临床转化需要进一步优化，以应对靶向效率和监管审批等挑战。持续的研究和跨学科合作对于充分实现MNPs在推进精准医学和改善患者治疗效果方面的潜力至关重要。
