Harrison V C, Peat G
Br Med J. 1972 Dec 2;4(5839):515-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5839.515.
Bottle-fed infants do not gain weight as rapidly as breast-fed babies during the first week of life. This weight lag can be corrected by the addition of a small amount of alkali (sodium bicarbonate or trometamol) to the feeds. The alkali corrects the acidity of cow's milk which now assumes some of the properties of human breast milk. It has a bacteriostatic effect on specific Escherichia coli in vitro, and in infants it produces a stool with a preponderance of lactobacilli over E. coli organisms. When alkali is removed from the milk there is a decrease in the weight of an infant and the stools contain excessive numbers of E. coli bacteria.A pH-corrected milk appears to be more physiological than unaltered cow's milk and may provide some protection against gastroenteritis in early life. Its bacteriostatic effect on specific E. coli may be of practical significance in feed preparations where terminal sterilization and refrigeration are not available. The study was conducted during the week after birth, and no conclusions are derived for older infants. The long-term effects of trometamol are unknown. No recommendation can be given for the addition of sodium bicarbonate to milks containing a higher content of sodium.
人工喂养的婴儿在出生后的第一周内体重增长不如母乳喂养的婴儿快。通过在奶液中添加少量碱（碳酸氢钠或氨丁三醇），这种体重差距可以得到纠正。碱能纠正牛奶的酸度，使其具备一些人乳的特性。它在体外对特定的大肠杆菌有抑菌作用，在婴儿体内，它会使粪便中乳酸杆菌的数量超过大肠杆菌。当从牛奶中去除碱时，婴儿体重会下降，且粪便中含有过多的大肠杆菌。经pH值校正的牛奶似乎比未改变的牛奶更符合生理需求，可能为婴儿早期预防肠胃炎提供一定保护。它对特定大肠杆菌的抑菌作用在无法进行终端灭菌和冷藏的饲料制备中可能具有实际意义。该研究是在婴儿出生后的一周内进行的，未得出关于较大婴儿的结论。氨丁三醇的长期影响尚不清楚。对于钠含量较高的牛奶，不建议添加碳酸氢钠。
