大麻对实验动物和人类的影响。
Effects of marihuana in laboratory animals and in man.
作者信息
Carlini E A, Karniol I G, Renault P F, Schuster C R
出版信息
Br J Pharmacol. 1974 Feb;50(2):299-309. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb08576.x.
1 The pharmacological potencies of the resins from three different samples of Brazilian marihuana (A, B and C) were determined through corneal areflexia in rabbits, decrease of spontaneous motor activity and induction of catatonia in mice, and decrease of rope climbing performance of rats.2 The Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9) THC) content of the marihuanas, measured by gas chromatography, was 0.82, 2.02 and 0.52%, respectively, for samples A, B and C. Approximately 2% cannabinol was present in samples A and B whereas the content of cannabidiol was approximately 0.1%.3 The petroleum ether extraction of the samples A, B and C yielded, respectively, 12.06, 14.56 and 4.26% of resin.4 In all animal tests resin B was nearly twice as active as resin A, whereas C was the weakest.5 The smoke of the marihuana samples was inhaled by 33 human subjects, under a double-blind standardized procedure. Pulse rate, a time production task and an evaluation of psychological effects were recorded.6 The smoke of 250 mg of sample B provoked disruption of the time production task, increased pulse rate, and induced strong psychological reactions in four of the six subjects who received it. Similar effects, although slightly smaller, were obtained with 500 mg of sample A. On the other hand, 500 mg of sample C did not differ from placebo.7 It is suggested that it is possible by means of animal tests to predict the potency of a marihuana sample in man.8 In parallel experiments, Delta(9)-THC was administered to other human subjects and to laboratory animals in a manner similar to that in which the marihuana samples were administered.9 Comparison of the results between the marihuanas and Delta(9)-THC showed that in man and in the laboratory animals marihuanas A and B induced effects two to four times greater than expected from their Delta(9)-THC content.10 It is suggested that there may be potentiation of the effects of Delta(9)-THC by other substances present in these marihuana samples.
1 通过家兔角膜无反射、小鼠自发运动活动减少和僵住症诱导以及大鼠爬绳能力下降，测定了来自巴西大麻三个不同样本（A、B和C）的树脂的药理效力。
2 通过气相色谱法测定，大麻样本A、B和C的Δ⁹ - 四氢大麻酚（Δ⁹ THC）含量分别为0.82%、2.02%和0.52%。样本A和B中约含2%的大麻酚，而大麻二酚含量约为0.1%。
3 样本A、B和C的石油醚提取物分别得到12.06%、14.56%和4.26%的树脂。
4 在所有动物试验中，树脂B的活性几乎是树脂A的两倍，而C最弱。
5 33名人类受试者按照双盲标准化程序吸入大麻样本的烟雾。记录脉搏率、一项时间生产任务和心理效应评估。
6 250毫克样本B的烟雾导致时间生产任务中断、脉搏率增加，并在接受该样本的6名受试者中的4名中诱发强烈的心理反应。500毫克样本A也产生了类似效果，尽管稍小一些。另一方面，500毫克样本C与安慰剂没有差异。
7 有人提出，通过动物试验有可能预测大麻样本对人类的效力。
8 在平行实验中，以与大麻样本给药方式类似的方式向其他人类受试者和实验动物给药Δ⁹ - THC。
9 大麻样本与Δ⁹ - THC结果的比较表明，在人类和实验动物中，大麻样本A和B产生的效应比根据其Δ⁹ - THC含量预期的大两到四倍。
10 有人提出，这些大麻样本中存在的其他物质可能会增强Δ⁹ - THC的效应。
Zotero 插件