Forman A J, Babiuk L A, Misra V, Baldwin F
Infect Immun. 1982 Mar;35(3):1048-57. doi: 10.1128/iai.35.3.1048-1057.1982.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus replicated in cultured bovine alveolar macrophages (AM). However, yields of infectious virus were low, with maximum titers approximately 100 times that of the residual inoculum. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies indicated that the majority of macrophages produced viral antigen, but after infection at a multiplicity of 0.1, only 4.1% of AM produced infectious centers. Virus-infected AM culture supernatants possessed interfering activity, probably due to interferon. Incubation of fresh AM with these fluids rendered them refractory to infection. Although AM from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-immune and -susceptible donors were equally permissive and their susceptibility was unaltered by incubation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, bovine mammary macrophages which were elicited with lipopolysaccharide became nonpermissive when further incubated for 48 h with 1 microgram of lipopolysaccharide per ml. Under these conditions, infected mammary macrophages failed to synthesize viral DNA, and there was reduced synthesis of "late" viral polypeptides.
传染性牛鼻气管炎病毒能在培养的牛肺泡巨噬细胞（AM）中复制。然而，感染性病毒的产量很低，最高滴度约为残留接种物的100倍。免疫荧光和电子显微镜研究表明，大多数巨噬细胞产生病毒抗原，但在感染复数为0.1时，只有4.1%的AM产生感染中心。病毒感染的AM培养上清液具有干扰活性，可能是由于干扰素。将新鲜的AM与这些液体一起孵育会使其对感染产生抗性。尽管来自传染性牛鼻气管炎病毒免疫和易感供体的AM同样具有易感性，并且它们的易感性不会因与细菌脂多糖一起孵育而改变，但用脂多糖诱导的牛乳腺巨噬细胞在进一步与每毫升1微克脂多糖孵育48小时后变得不具有易感性。在这些条件下，受感染的乳腺巨噬细胞无法合成病毒DNA，并且“晚期”病毒多肽的合成减少。
