Hayward J A, Chapman D
Biomaterials. 1984 May;5(3):135-42. doi: 10.1016/0142-9612(84)90047-4.
A major restriction in the application of polymeric biomaterials is the propensity of their surfaces to support thrombosis. Theoretical approaches to the design of thromboresistant polymers have been inadequate because of the complexity of surface thrombosis. We have developed a new, practical approach to this problem--the design of polymers which mimic the thromboresistant surfaces of blood cell membranes. Haemostatic processes are mediated by reactions which occur at membrane-plasma interfaces. The extra-cellular surfaces of the plasma membranes of red blood cells and quiescent platelets are thromboresistant; in contrast, their cytoplasmic surfaces are thrombogenic. The simplest common feature among the blood-compatible cellular and model membranes is the high content of the electrically neutral phospholipids which contain the phosphorylcholine head group. We have developed model systems of biological membranes which utilize polymerizable phosphatidylcholines and which mimic nonreactive cell surfaces. Polymeri phospholipids represent a new class of hybrid biomaterials with characteristics both of biomembranes (polar surfaces, nonthrombogenic, low antigenic potential and low permeability) and of synthetic polymers (chemical and physical stability).
聚合物生物材料应用中的一个主要限制是其表面易于形成血栓。由于表面血栓形成的复杂性，抗血栓聚合物设计的理论方法并不完善。我们已开发出一种解决此问题的新的实用方法——设计模仿血细胞膜抗血栓表面的聚合物。止血过程由发生在膜 - 血浆界面的反应介导。红细胞和静止血小板的质膜细胞外表面具有抗血栓性；相反，它们的细胞质表面具有血栓形成性。血液相容性细胞和模型膜之间最简单的共同特征是含有磷酰胆碱头部基团的电中性磷脂含量高。我们已开发出利用可聚合磷脂酰胆碱并模仿非反应性细胞表面的生物膜模型系统。聚合磷脂代表了一类新型的混合生物材料，兼具生物膜（极性表面、抗血栓形成、低抗原性和低渗透性）和合成聚合物（化学和物理稳定性）的特性。
