Yaffe Y, Flessel C P, Wesolowski J J, del Rosario A, Guirguis G N, Matias V, Gramlich J W, Kelly W R, Degarmo T E, Coleman G C
Arch Environ Health. 1983 Jul-Aug;38(4):237-45. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1983.10545809.
Two case studies are presented which apply the lead isotope ratio method to the identification of lead sources in 12 Oakland, California children. One study examined lead sources in 10 children, ages 3 to 15 yr, living together as an extended family in dilapidated housing close to a busy freeway. Eight children had elevated blood lead levels (greater than or equal to 30 micrograms/dl) and 6 children also had elevated erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels (greater than or equal to 50 micrograms/dl). A second case study examined 2-yr-old male twins, both with elevated blood lead and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, living in a modest, but well maintained inner city duplex apartment. Paint and surface soil samples collected in and around both households had high lead concentrations. Paint concentrations ranged from 2.9 to 273 mg/g and surface soil concentrations from 0.48 to 7.1 mg/g. The isotopic ratios of lead in the blood of these children were close to the average lead ratios of paints from exterior walls and to the lead ratios of surface soils in adjacent areas where the children played. In both case studies, the data suggest that the lead in the soil was derived mainly from weathering of lead-based exterior paints and that the lead-contaminated soil was a proximate source of lead in the blood of the children.
本文介绍了两个案例研究，它们将铅同位素比率法应用于加利福尼亚州奥克兰市12名儿童铅源的识别。一项研究调查了10名年龄在3至15岁之间的儿童的铅源，这些儿童作为一个大家庭居住在靠近繁忙高速公路的破旧房屋中。8名儿童的血铅水平升高（大于或等于30微克/分升），6名儿童的红细胞原卟啉水平也升高（大于或等于50微克/分升）。第二项案例研究调查了一对2岁的男性双胞胎，他们的血铅和红细胞原卟啉水平均升高，居住在市中心一套普通但维护良好的复式公寓中。在这两个家庭及其周围采集的油漆和表层土壤样本中铅浓度很高。油漆浓度范围为2.9至273毫克/克，表层土壤浓度范围为0.48至7.1毫克/克。这些儿童血液中铅的同位素比率接近外墙油漆的平均铅比率以及儿童玩耍的相邻区域表层土壤的铅比率。在这两个案例研究中，数据表明土壤中的铅主要来自含铅外墙油漆的风化，并且受铅污染的土壤是儿童血液中铅的直接来源。
