Häkkinen K, Komi P V
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1983;50(2):161-72. doi: 10.1007/BF00422155.
To investigate the influence of strength training on the mechanical characteristics of human skeletal muscle, 14 male subjects went through training of combined heavy concentric and eccentric contractions three times a week for 16 weeks. The strength training program consisted mainly of dynamic exercises for leg extensors with loads of 80 to 120% of one maximum repetition. The force-time curves produced during various vertical jumps were the basis for calculation of various mechanical parameters. In addition to a great increase (p less than 0.001) in maximal isometric force, heavy resistance strength training also caused significant (p less than 0.05-0.01) increases in heights and in various mechanical parameters in positive work phases of vertical and drop jumps. The increase in positive force during a fast dynamic contraction was correlated (p less than 0.01) with the reduced time to produce a certain submaximal force level in isometric condition. No changes in the elastic properties of the muscle were observed as judged from the difference between the counter-movement and squat jumps. When the training was followed by the 8-week detraining period a great decrease (p less than 0.001) in maximal force took place, but only minor changes (ns) were observed in fast force production.
为研究力量训练对人体骨骼肌力学特性的影响，14名男性受试者每周进行3次重负荷向心收缩与离心收缩相结合的训练，共持续16周。力量训练计划主要包括对腿部伸肌进行动态练习，负荷为最大重复次数的80%至120%。各种垂直跳跃过程中产生的力-时间曲线是计算各种力学参数的基础。除最大等长肌力大幅增加（p<0.001）外，重负荷力量训练还使垂直跳跃和下落跳跃的正向工作阶段的高度及各种力学参数显著增加（p<0.05 - 0.01）。快速动态收缩过程中正向力的增加与等长条件下产生一定次最大力水平所需时间的减少相关（p<0.01）。从反向运动跳跃和深蹲跳跃的差异判断，未观察到肌肉弹性特性的变化。训练后进行8周的去训练期，最大力量大幅下降（p<0.001），但在快速力量产生方面仅观察到微小变化（无显著性差异）。
