单实例、多实例及一般案例训练对中度和重度残疾学生通用自动售货机使用的影响。
The effects of single instance, multiple instance, and general case training on generalized vending machine use by moderately and severely handicapped students.
作者信息
Sprague J R, Horner R H
出版信息
J Appl Behav Anal. 1984 Summer;17(2):273-8. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-273.
Abstract
This report provides an experimental analysis of generalized vending machine use by six moderately or severely retarded high school students. Dependent variables were training trials to criterion and performance on 10 nontrained "generalization" vending machines. A multiple-baseline design across subjects was used to compare three strategies for teaching generalized vending machine use. Training occurred with (a) a single vending machine, (b) three similar machines, or (c) three machines that sampled the range of stimulus and response variation in a defined class of vending machines. Results indicated that the third approach was the most effective method of obtaining generalized responding. Methodological implications for the experimental analysis of generalization and programmatic implications for teaching generalized behaviors are discussed.
摘要
本报告对六名中度或重度智障高中生使用通用自动售货机的情况进行了实验分析。因变量为达到标准所需的训练次数以及在10台未经训练的“通用”自动售货机上的表现。采用被试间多基线设计来比较三种教授通用自动售货机使用方法的策略。训练分别使用（a）一台自动售货机、（b）三台相似的自动售货机或（c）三台从特定类型自动售货机的刺激和反应变化范围内抽样的自动售货机。结果表明，第三种方法是获得通用反应的最有效方法。讨论了对泛化实验分析的方法学意义以及对教授通用行为的程序性意义。
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