Cummins R O, Shaper A G, Walker M, Wale C J
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981 Dec 5;283(6305):1497-502. doi: 10.1136/bmj.283.6305.1497.
In 7735 men aged 40-59, selected at random from general practices in 24 towns throughout Britain, pronounced differences were noted in the prevalences of smoking and drinking between the social classes. Social class differences also existed for frequency and quantity of drinking, type of beverage, and several aspects of smoking behaviour. Increasing amounts of smoking were associated with higher prevalences of moderate to heavy drinking, particularly in daily rather than weekend drinkers. Between drinking groups, however, the relation with smoking was more U-shaped, with light and heavy drinkers smoking more than moderate drinkers. The lowest rates of moderate to heavy smoking were observed in frequent light drinkers, particularly in the nonmanual workers. The proportion of moderate to heavy drinkers was no higher among ex-cigarette smokers than among current smokers. When the data were examined by town of residence social class differences persisted. Controlling for social class still showed pronounced differences between towns in both smoking and drinking behaviour. These data confirm that town of residence and social class have independent effects on smoking and drinking. The established regional and social class differences in cardiovascular disease may be due in part to the independent influences of town and social class on smoking and drinking behaviour.
在从英国24个城镇的普通诊所随机选取的7735名40至59岁男性中，社会阶层之间在吸烟和饮酒患病率方面存在显著差异。在饮酒频率和量、饮料类型以及吸烟行为的几个方面也存在社会阶层差异。吸烟量增加与中度至重度饮酒的较高患病率相关，特别是在每日饮酒而非周末饮酒者中。然而，在饮酒群体之间，与吸烟的关系更呈U形，轻度和重度饮酒者比中度饮酒者吸烟更多。在经常轻度饮酒者中，尤其是非体力劳动者中，观察到中度至重度吸烟率最低。曾经吸烟的人中中度至重度饮酒者的比例并不高于当前吸烟者。当按居住城镇检查数据时，社会阶层差异仍然存在。控制社会阶层后，城镇之间在吸烟和饮酒行为方面仍存在显著差异。这些数据证实居住城镇和社会阶层对吸烟和饮酒有独立影响。已确定的心血管疾病的地区和社会阶层差异可能部分归因于城镇和社会阶层对吸烟和饮酒行为的独立影响。
