Neus H, Rüddel H, Schulte W
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1983;51(3):223-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00377754.
Traffic noise is discussed as a possible risk factor for hypertension. However, no data are available concerning the moderating effect of the subjective reactions and the noise attitudes. In the present epidemiological study the relationship between these subjective factors and blood pressure was investigated separately for the inhabitants of two residential areas. One area had high traffic volumes, resulting in a high sound level (Leq greater than 73 db (A), noisy area); the other was socially comparable but with an essentially low sound level (Leq less than 51 db (A), control area). The relationship between the subjective reactions and blood pressure was checked by analyzing the incidence of treatment for hypertension (n = 919) and by analyzing the change of casual blood pressure after living 2.25 years in the respective residential area in a subgroup of those who had been normotensive (n = 36). The results obtained by either of these approaches indicate that the subjective factors do not modify the risk of hypertension in noisy areas, whereas they seem to be relevant for medium size stimuli. It is concluded that one can physiologically cope with low stimuli, but this is impossible for extreme stimuli. The results suggest also that the subjective reaction to extreme stimuli is strongly biased by attitudes which cannot be related to blood pressure. The family history of hypertension was found to be independent of the subjective reactions to noise.
交通噪音被视为高血压的一个潜在风险因素。然而，关于主观反应和噪音态度的调节作用尚无相关数据。在当前的这项流行病学研究中，针对两个居民区的居民，分别调查了这些主观因素与血压之间的关系。一个区域交通流量大，导致声级较高（等效连续A声级大于73分贝，噪音区）；另一个区域在社会层面与之可比，但声级基本较低（等效连续A声级小于51分贝，对照区）。通过分析高血压治疗发生率（n = 919）以及在各自居民区居住2.25年后血压正常的亚组（n = 36）中偶然血压的变化，来检验主观反应与血压之间的关系。通过这两种方法得出的结果均表明，主观因素不会改变噪音区高血压的风险，而它们似乎与中等强度刺激相关。研究得出结论，人们在生理上能够应对低强度刺激，但对于极端刺激则无法应对。结果还表明，对极端刺激的主观反应受到与血压无关的态度的强烈影响。研究发现高血压家族史与对噪音的主观反应无关。
