Lee A K, Ip H M, Wong V C
J Infect Dis. 1978 Nov;138(5):668-71. doi: 10.1093/infdis/138.5.668.
In a prospective study of maternal-fetal transmission of hepatitis B virus in 125 healthy mothers who were carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), preliminary results showed that the most important determinant in such transmission was the presence of hepatitis B e antigen in the mother. HBsAg was detectable by solid-phase radioimmunoassay in 33% of amniotic fluid samples, 50% of cord blood samples, 71% of breast milk samples, and 95.3% of samples of gastric contents from newborns. The presence of HBsAg in gastric aspirate from the infants immediately after birth in almost all cases suggests a universal mechanism of infection by the oral route during delivery. In light of these findings, precautions such as possible elective cesarean section, routine gastric aspiration of the newborn, avoidance of breast-feeding, etc., should be taken to avoid perinatal transmission.
在一项针对125名携带乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）的健康母亲的乙肝病毒母婴传播前瞻性研究中，初步结果显示，这种传播中最重要的决定因素是母亲体内乙肝e抗原的存在。通过固相放射免疫测定法，在33%的羊水样本、50%的脐带血样本、71%的母乳样本以及95.3%的新生儿胃内容物样本中可检测到HBsAg。几乎在所有病例中，婴儿出生后立即从胃吸出物中检测到HBsAg，这表明分娩期间经口感染是一种普遍的感染机制。鉴于这些发现，应采取诸如可能的选择性剖宫产、新生儿常规胃抽吸、避免母乳喂养等预防措施，以避免围产期传播。
