Womack J E
Behav Genet. 1981 Sep;11(5):437-44. doi: 10.1007/BF01070002.
Our genetic knowledge of a species is reflected in the state of its gene map. Although still primitive, relative to the gene map of the mouse, great strides have been made in recent years in developing the gene map of the rat and nine linkage groups have now been defined. Mapping by conventional backcrossing methods has been supplemented with parasexual methods using somatic cell hybrids. Use of recombinant-inbred strains has contributed significantly to the development of the mouse map and the technique holds promise for the future expansion of the rat map. Of great interest are comparative gene mapping and the relationship of linkage groups of the rat to those of other species. At present the linkage groups of the rat and the mouse reflect a high degree of conservation. This is surprising since chromosome banding patterns of the two species show but 40% homology.
我们对一个物种的遗传知识体现在其基因图谱的状况中。尽管相对于小鼠的基因图谱而言仍很原始，但近年来大鼠基因图谱的绘制取得了巨大进展，现已确定了9个连锁群。通过传统回交方法进行的图谱绘制已通过使用体细胞杂种的准性方法得到补充。重组近交系的使用对小鼠图谱的绘制做出了重大贡献，并且该技术有望在未来扩展大鼠图谱。特别令人感兴趣的是比较基因图谱以及大鼠的连锁群与其他物种的连锁群之间的关系。目前，大鼠和小鼠的连锁群显示出高度的保守性。这很令人惊讶，因为这两个物种的染色体带型仅显示40%的同源性。
