Sterling T D, Weinkam J J
Arch Environ Health. 1978 Nov-Dec;33(6):313-7. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1978.10667354.
Patterns of prevalence, amount, and cessation of smoking are computed for occupations by socioeconomic class, sex, and race, based on a probability sample of 39,011 households collected by the 1970 Health Interview Survey. Smoking is most prevalent in blue-collar occupations, while a high proportion of professionals and managers who smoke, stop smoking. Within industries, substantially higher percentages of individuals smoke in lower prestige paying jobs, while more smokers quit in the higher prestige paying jobs. Smoking is most prevalent among women managers and professionals, and least among those employed in traditional work. One surprising and possibly very important finding is that white smokers smoke about 20% more cigarettes per day than black smokers. Not only would it seem unreasonable to ascribe the larger rate of lung disease among blacks than whites (especially cancer), to smoking when blacks smoke significantly fewer cigarettes than whites, but this same negative relationship points to occupational exposure as the possible major cause for lung cancer.
基于1970年健康访谈调查收集的39011个家庭的概率样本，按社会经济阶层、性别和种族计算各职业的吸烟流行模式、吸烟量及戒烟情况。吸烟在蓝领职业中最为普遍，而吸烟的专业人员和管理人员中有很大比例戒烟。在各行业中，从事低声望薪酬工作的人员吸烟比例显著更高，而在声望较高薪酬工作中的吸烟者戒烟比例更高。吸烟在女性经理人和专业人员中最为普遍，在从事传统工作的女性中最少。一个令人惊讶且可能非常重要的发现是，白人吸烟者每天吸烟量比黑人吸烟者多约20%。鉴于黑人吸烟量明显少于白人，将黑人比白人更高的肺病发病率（尤其是癌症）归因于吸烟似乎不合理，而且这种负相关关系表明职业暴露可能是肺癌的主要原因。
