Bellamy K
Department of Immunology, Unilever Research Laboratory, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK.
J Hosp Infect. 1995 Jun;30 Suppl:389-96. doi: 10.1016/0195-6701(95)90043-8.
Testing the efficacy of disinfectants has been the domain of bacteriologists for many years. Recently interest has grown in the virucidal effects of disinfectants, due to increased awareness of viral infections and concern for possible cross-infection. Findings have demonstrated significant differences in the susceptibility of certain viruses, particularly non-enveloped viruses, e.g. enteroviruses, to disinfectants compared to some bacteria. For example Escherichia coli and herpes simplex virus are inactivated by 20% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) whereas Staphylococcus aureus requires > or = 50% and poliovirus is not inactivated by IPA. Currently there is little or no standardization in the methods used for the determination of virucidal activity in suspension, or on hands and surfaces. Methods in use in Europe and the USA will be reviewed and their relevance to the clinical situation discussed.
多年来，检测消毒剂的效力一直是细菌学家的领域。最近，由于对病毒感染的认识增加以及对可能的交叉感染的关注，人们对消毒剂的杀病毒作用的兴趣有所增长。研究结果表明，与某些细菌相比，某些病毒，特别是无包膜病毒，如肠道病毒，对消毒剂的敏感性存在显著差异。例如，大肠杆菌和单纯疱疹病毒可被20%的异丙醇（IPA）灭活，而金黄色葡萄球菌需要≥50%的IPA才能被灭活，脊髓灰质炎病毒不能被IPA灭活。目前，用于测定悬浮液中、手部和表面杀病毒活性的方法几乎没有标准化。将对欧洲和美国使用的方法进行综述，并讨论它们与临床情况的相关性。
