de Roos N, Heijnen M L, de Graaf C, Woestenenk G, Hobbel E
Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995 Jul;49(7):532-41.
This study investigated whether resistant starch types II and III are more satiating than glucose.
During 4 weeks 24 healthy male volunteers consumed a daily supplement with either glucose or high-amylose corn starch (RS2) or extruded and retrograded high-amylose corn starch (RS3) in a cross-over, single-blind, randomised and balanced study design. Each type of supplement was consumed for a week. In the first week each subject consumed the glucose supplement. The RS2 and RS3 supplements provided for 30 g resistant starch/day. At the end of weeks 2, 3 and 4, subjects rated their appetite each whole hour on a visual analogue scale. Food intake was measured 1 day/week using the 24-h recall method. Subjects collected 24-h urine during the last 2 days of weeks 2, 3 and 4 to determine C-peptide excretion as a measure for the 24-h insulin secretion.
Supplementation with RS2 caused significantly (P < 0.05) lower appetite scores than supplementation with RS3 and glucose, though subjects paradoxically felt less full while consuming RS2. The cyclic pattern of appetite during the day did not change with the supplements. Energy and macronutrient intake was similar in the three supplementation periods. When consuming RS3, subjects had a significantly (P < 0.0012) lower urinary C-peptide excretion than when consuming RS2 or glucose: 3.74 +/- 1.42 nmol/day for RS3, 4.39 +/- 1.52 nmol/day for RS2 and 4.71 +/- 1.73 nmol/day for glucose. The mechanism for this lower insulin secretion is yet unclear.
Consumption of 30 g/day RS2 and RS3 had little influence on appetite and food intake, but RS3 reduced the insulin secretion.
本研究调查了II型和III型抗性淀粉是否比葡萄糖更具饱腹感。
在为期4周的时间里，24名健康男性志愿者参与了一项交叉、单盲、随机且均衡的研究设计，每天分别摄入葡萄糖、高直链玉米淀粉（RS2）或挤压回生高直链玉米淀粉（RS3）补充剂。每种补充剂食用一周。第一周，每位受试者食用葡萄糖补充剂。RS2和RS3补充剂每天提供30克抗性淀粉。在第2、3和4周结束时，受试者每小时用视觉模拟量表对自己的食欲进行评分。每周用24小时回忆法测量一次食物摄入量。在第2、3和4周的最后两天，受试者收集24小时尿液，以测定C肽排泄量，作为24小时胰岛素分泌的指标。
与补充RS3和葡萄糖相比，补充RS2导致的食欲评分显著更低（P<0.05），尽管受试者在食用RS2时反常地感觉饱腹感更低。一天中食欲的周期性模式并未因补充剂而改变。三个补充期的能量和常量营养素摄入量相似。食用RS3时，受试者的尿C肽排泄量显著低于食用RS2或葡萄糖时（P<0.0012）：RS3为3.74±1.42纳摩尔/天，RS2为4.39±1.52纳摩尔/天，葡萄糖为4.71±1.7 nmol/天。胰岛素分泌降低的机制尚不清楚。
每天摄入30克RS2和RS3对食欲和食物摄入量影响不大，但RS3降低了胰岛素分泌。
