Taylor H R
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Doc Ophthalmol. 1994;88(3-4):285-93. doi: 10.1007/BF01203682.
Although an association between UV-B exposure and ocular damage has been long suspected, this relationship is still not well quantified. Cataract is the most significant ocular damage associated with UV-B exposure. Initial studies of the association between UV-B exposure and cataract were hampered by a lack of precision in the assessment of cataract and a failure to separate cataract types. With a few exceptions, most studies have not assessed individual ocular UV-B exposure but have used ambient levels or isolated behaviours. Ecologic studies show there is more cataract in sunny areas, but whereas ambient UV-B fluxes may change by a factor of 3 or 4 over the globe, individual behaviour can change ocular exposure in a given location by 20-fold or more. The Chesapeake Bay Watermen studies assessed individual ocular UV-B exposure and have shown a consistent relationship between exposure to UV-B and the risk of both cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract. However, further work to refine these findings is sorely needed.
尽管长期以来人们一直怀疑紫外线B暴露与眼部损伤之间存在关联，但这种关系仍未得到很好的量化。白内障是与紫外线B暴露相关的最严重的眼部损伤。早期关于紫外线B暴露与白内障之间关联的研究因白内障评估缺乏精确性以及未能区分白内障类型而受阻。除了少数例外情况，大多数研究并未评估个体眼部的紫外线B暴露情况，而是采用环境水平或个别行为来进行研究。生态学研究表明，阳光充足地区的白内障病例更多，但全球范围内环境紫外线B通量可能会有3至4倍的变化，而个体行为在特定地点可使眼部暴露量变化20倍甚至更多。切萨皮克湾渔民研究评估了个体眼部的紫外线B暴露情况，并表明紫外线B暴露与皮质性和后囊下白内障风险之间存在一致的关系。然而，迫切需要进一步开展工作来完善这些研究结果。
