Chorazy M, Szeliga J, Strózyk M, Cimander B
Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland.
Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Oct;102 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):61-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.94102s461.
The air monitoring system in Upper Silesia has provided abundant data on airborne pollutants. Air quality in this region is bad: a concentration of several gases, volatile compounds, metals, and complex mixtures of organic compounds carried by small particulate matter exceeds both daily and yearly admissible levels. About 250 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonds (PAHs) were identified in airborne pollutants, and hundreds of not identified compounds are seen on gas chromatographic profiles as minor peaks. Among PAHs are present compounds with known carcinogenic potency for humans. Seasonal variation with distinctly lower concentration of pollutants in summer than in winter was noticed. Fifteen PAHs including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) determined by GC-MS method in 20 measuring points showed constant relative proportions. Thus B[a]P could be used as a representative compound for other PAHs. In urban areas, a core of Silesia values for B[a]P concentration ranged from 60 to 90 ng/m3 in winter to 5 to 20 micrograms/m in summer. Mutagenicity tested on Salmonella strains showed seasonal variation with distinctly higher values in winter. Environmentally exposed humans showed a higher level of PAH-DNA adducts in WBC than the control population from rural area. Total organic extract of small particulate matter exhibited both direct and indirect mutagenic activity, induced formation of micronuclei in bone marrow cells of BALB/c mice, induced chromosomal rearrangements, and increased sister chromatid exchange index.
上西里西亚的空气监测系统提供了大量关于空气传播污染物的数据。该地区空气质量很差：几种气体、挥发性化合物、金属以及由小颗粒物携带的有机化合物复杂混合物的浓度超过了每日和每年的允许水平。在空气传播污染物中鉴定出约250种单个多环芳烃（PAHs），在气相色谱图上，数百种未鉴定的化合物以小峰形式出现。在PAHs中存在对人类具有已知致癌性的化合物。注意到有季节性变化，夏季污染物浓度明显低于冬季。通过气相色谱 - 质谱法在20个测量点测定的包括苯并[a]芘（B[a]P）在内的15种PAHs显示出恒定的相对比例。因此，B[a]P可作为其他PAHs的代表性化合物。在城市地区，西里西亚B[a]P浓度的核心值冬季范围为60至90纳克/立方米，夏季为5至20微克/立方米。对沙门氏菌菌株进行的致突变性测试显示出季节性变化，冬季值明显更高。与农村地区的对照人群相比，环境暴露人群白细胞中的PAH - DNA加合物水平更高。小颗粒物的总有机提取物表现出直接和间接的诱变活性，诱导BALB/c小鼠骨髓细胞中微核的形成，诱导染色体重排，并增加姐妹染色单体交换指数。
