Zarcone J R, Iwata B A, Mazaleski J L, Smith R G
Kennedy Kreiger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1994 Winter;27(4):649-58. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-649.
Previous research on applications of behavioral momentum has indicated that a high-probability (high-p) instructional sequence, in which a series of instructions for which there is a high probability of compliance is presented immediately before an instruction for which there is a low probability of compliance, is an effective method for increasing compliance. It is not clear, however, whether the procedure is effective when individuals actively attempt to escape from the instructional situation. In this study, we examined the effects of the high-p sequence, when implemented first alone and then later with an extinction component, as treatment for the self-injurious escape behavior of 2 individuals. Results showed that when the instructional sequence was implemented without extinction, rates of self-injury increased and percentage of compliance decreased. In addition, the percentage of trials occasioning escape behavior increased for both high- and low-probability instructions. When an extinction component was added to the high-p sequence, rates of self-injury and the percentage of trials containing self-injury decreased, and compliance increased. These findings suggest that extinction may be an important component of treatment when escape behavior such as self-injury accompanies noncompliance in instructional contexts and competes with compliant behavior.
先前关于行为动量应用的研究表明，高概率（高p）教学序列是一种提高依从性的有效方法，该序列是指在呈现低概率依从指令之前，立即呈现一系列具有高概率依从性的指令。然而，当个体积极试图逃离教学情境时，该程序是否有效尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们考察了高p序列单独实施以及随后与消退成分一起实施时，对两名个体自伤性逃避行为的治疗效果。结果表明，当教学序列在没有消退的情况下实施时，自伤率增加，依从率下降。此外，高概率和低概率指令引发逃避行为的试验百分比均增加。当在高p序列中加入消退成分时，自伤率和包含自伤的试验百分比下降，依从性增加。这些发现表明，当自伤等逃避行为在教学情境中伴随不依从并与依从行为竞争时，消退可能是治疗的重要组成部分。
