Keatley C W, Spinks J A, de Gelder B
Department of Social Sciences, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
Mem Cognit. 1994 Jan;22(1):70-84. doi: 10.3758/bf03202763.
Three experiments were conducted to examine cross-language priming in bilinguals. The first was a cross-language primed lexical decision task experiment with Chinese-English bilinguals. Subjects made lexical decisions about primary associate targets in the two languages at the same rate, but priming occurred only when the prime was in their first language (L1), Chinese, and the target was in their second language (L2), English. Experiment 2 produced the same pattern of asymmetrical priming with two alphabetic languages, French and Dutch. In Experiment 3, the crucial stimuli were translation equivalents. In contrast to the results of Experiments 1 and 2, priming occurred across languages in both the L1-L2 and L2-L1 conditions. However, this priming was also asymmetrical, with more priming occurring in the L1-L2 condition. A tentative separate-interconnected model of bilingual memory is described. It suggests that the representations of words expressed in different languages are stored in separate memory systems, which may be interconnected via one-to-one links between some translation-equivalent representations as well as meaning-integration processes.
进行了三项实验来研究双语者的跨语言启动效应。第一项实验是针对汉英双语者的跨语言启动词汇判断任务实验。受试者对两种语言中的主要联想目标进行词汇判断的速度相同，但启动效应仅在启动词为其第一语言（L1）汉语且目标词为其第二语言（L2）英语时才会出现。实验2使用两种字母语言法语和荷兰语也产生了相同的不对称启动模式。在实验3中，关键刺激是翻译对等词。与实验1和2的结果相反，在L1-L2和L2-L1条件下均出现了跨语言启动效应。然而，这种启动效应也是不对称的，在L1-L2条件下出现的启动效应更多。文中描述了一个初步的双语记忆分离-互联模型。该模型表明，不同语言中表达的单词表征存储在不同的记忆系统中，这些系统可能通过一些翻译对等表征之间的一对一联系以及意义整合过程相互连接。
