Clayton P J, Ernst C, Angst J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1994;243(6):340-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02195728.
In 1972, all Swiss males in the Canton of Zurich who reported for a compulsory medical examination for selection for military service were given the Freiburg Personality Inventory. This was repeated in half the sample on three subsequent occasions. From 1983 to 1988, an effort was made to identify all male psychiatric cases. There were 99 unipolars and 26 bipolars. The unipolars who had their age of onset after the personality testing displayed elevated scores on a constellation of symptoms labelled autonomic lability which consisted of items that correlated highly with neuroticism. The trait endured even when it was retested at age 36 years. The bipolars did not differ from the controls in any respect on any occasion.
1972年，苏黎世州所有前来参加义务兵役体检的瑞士男性都接受了弗莱堡人格量表测试。样本的一半在随后的三个时间点重复进行了测试。1983年至1988年期间，研究人员努力识别出所有男性精神病例。其中有99例单相障碍患者和26例双相障碍患者。人格测试后发病的单相障碍患者在一组名为自主神经不稳定的症状群上得分升高，这些症状与神经质高度相关。即使在36岁重新测试时，该特质依然存在。双相障碍患者在任何时候的任何方面都与对照组没有差异。
