哪些因素决定了男性既往吸烟者的死亡风险？
What determines mortality risk in male former cigarette smokers?
作者信息
Ben-Shlomo Y, Smith G D, Shipley M J, Marmot M G
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, England.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1994 Aug;84(8):1235-42. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.8.1235.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine what factors determine the mortality experience of male ex-cigarette smokers, those who no longer smoke at all and those who changed to pipe or cigar smoking.
METHODS
A cohort study was undertaken with 18-year mortality data on 19,018 men.
RESULTS
Ex-cigarette smokers had an intermediate mortality risk compared with never and current smokers. Ex-cigarette smokers who switched to pipe smoking had higher mortality than those who no longer smoked at all. The mortality rates for pipe and cigar smokers who were former cigarette smokers were higher than those for pipe or cigar smokers who had never smoked cigarettes. Ex-cigarette smokers who consumed more than 20 cigarettes per day for more than 20 years experienced increased mortality for both coronary heart disease and neoplasms, even after 30 years of cessation.
CONCLUSIONS
These results support the notion that an elevated mortality risk may be seen for ex-cigarette smokers, even after they have given up smoking for many years. Ex-cigarette smokers who change to a pipe have a greater mortality risk than those who no longer smoke at all.
目的
本研究旨在探讨哪些因素决定了既往吸烟男性（即那些完全不再吸烟以及转而吸食烟斗或雪茄的人）的死亡情况。
方法
开展了一项队列研究，收集了19018名男性的18年死亡率数据。
结果
与从不吸烟和当前仍在吸烟的人相比，既往吸烟者的死亡风险处于中等水平。转而吸食烟斗的既往吸烟者的死亡率高于那些完全不再吸烟的人。曾经吸过烟的烟斗和雪茄吸烟者的死亡率高于从未吸过烟的烟斗或雪茄吸烟者。每天吸食超过20支香烟且持续超过20年的既往吸烟者，即使在戒烟30年后，冠心病和肿瘤的死亡率仍会增加。
结论
这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即既往吸烟者即使在戒烟多年后，死亡风险仍可能升高。转而吸食烟斗的既往吸烟者比那些完全不再吸烟的人有更大的死亡风险。
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