Greiff L, Andersson M, Akerlund A, Wollmer P, Svensson C, Alkner U, Persson C G
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.
Thorax. 1994 Feb;49(2):121-7. doi: 10.1136/thx.49.2.121.
The inflammatory response of the airway microcirculation in rhinitis and asthma may be recorded as luminal entry of plasma macromolecules (mucosal exudation). This study examines the exudative responsiveness of the subepithelial microvessels in subjects with and without common cold after inoculation with coronavirus.
The airway mucosa was exposed to exudative concentrations of histamine (40 and 400 micrograms/ml) before and six days after inoculation. To assess whether mucosal penetration of a topically applied agent was altered, nasal absorption of chromium-51 labelled ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA, MW 372) was also examined. A nasal pool technique kept the challenge and tracer solutes in contact with the same ipsilateral mucosal surface. Concentrations of albumin in lavage fluids were measured as an index of mucosal exudation of plasma. Nasal absorption of 51Cr-EDTA was determined by the cumulated 24 hour urinary excretion of radioactivity.
Nine subjects developed common cold after coronavirus inoculation and 10 remained healthy. Histamine produced concentration dependent mucosal exudation of plasma in all subjects before and after coronavirus inoculation. In subjects with common cold, however, the histamine-induced mucosal exudation was significantly augmented compared with the group without common cold. This exudative hyperresponsiveness is not explained by an increased baseline exudation because the lavage regimen used produced comparably low baseline exudation in both groups of subjects, nor is it explained by an increased penetration of topical histamine because the ability of the nasal mucosa to absorb 51Cr-EDTA was not significantly increased in the subjects with common cold.
An increased proclivity of the airway subepithelial microcirculation to respond with plasma exudation develops during coronavirus-induced common cold. This specific exudative hyperresponsiveness may be a feature of inflammatory airway diseases.
鼻炎和哮喘患者气道微循环的炎症反应可表现为血浆大分子进入管腔（黏膜渗出）。本研究检测了接种冠状病毒后有或无普通感冒的受试者的上皮下微血管的渗出反应性。
在接种前和接种后6天，将气道黏膜暴露于组胺的渗出浓度（40和400微克/毫升）下。为评估局部应用药物的黏膜渗透是否改变，还检测了51铬标记的乙二胺四乙酸（51Cr-EDTA，分子量372）的鼻吸收情况。鼻池技术使激发剂和示踪溶质与同侧黏膜表面保持接触。测定灌洗液中白蛋白的浓度作为血浆黏膜渗出的指标。通过24小时放射性尿液累积排泄量测定51Cr-EDTA的鼻吸收情况。
9名受试者在接种冠状病毒后患上普通感冒，10名受试者保持健康。在接种冠状病毒前后，组胺在所有受试者中均引起浓度依赖性的血浆黏膜渗出。然而，与未患普通感冒的组相比，患普通感冒的受试者中组胺诱导的黏膜渗出明显增加。这种渗出性高反应性不能用基线渗出增加来解释，因为所采用的灌洗方案在两组受试者中产生的基线渗出相当低，也不能用局部组胺渗透增加来解释，因为患普通感冒的受试者鼻黏膜吸收51Cr-EDTA的能力没有显著增加。
在冠状病毒引起的普通感冒期间，气道上皮下微循环对血浆渗出反应的倾向增加。这种特定的渗出性高反应性可能是炎症性气道疾病的一个特征。
