Linseisen J, Metges C C, Wolfram G
Institute of Nutrition Science, Technical University of Munich, FRG.
Z Ernahrungswiss. 1993 Dec;32(4):289-300. doi: 10.1007/BF01611167.
Dietary intake, nutrient supplementation, and serum lipids were investigated in 13 German male amateur body-builders during a non-competitive period. Dietary information was collected with weighted food records during 14 consecutive days. Daily energy intake was 17.1 +/- 3 MJ including 22 +/- 5% protein, 26 +/- 6% fat, and 49 +/- 4% carbohydrates. "Breads and cereals" and "milk and dairy products" revealed to be the most important food groups. Protein supplements contributed 13% of total protein intake. With food alone the average supply of the vitamins A, D, E and B1 was < 3/4 of the recommended amounts (DGE). Due to the high consumption of supplement preparations, total daily intake of most of the selected minerals and vitamins--particularly of vitamins of the B-group--increased far above recommended dietary intake. Mean fasting serum triglyceride, phospholipid and total cholesterol concentrations were in a normal range, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were reduced. The serum cholesterol ester fatty acids analysis confirmed a rather low intake of essential fatty acids (linoleic acid) found by dietary assessment. In conclusion, with a few corrections in food selection patterns of the body-builders, a well balanced diet would be achieved and the use of nutrient supplementation products would become totally superfluous.
在一段非比赛期间，对13名德国男性业余健美运动员的饮食摄入、营养补充剂使用情况和血脂进行了调查。通过连续14天的加权食物记录收集饮食信息。每日能量摄入量为17.1±3兆焦耳，其中蛋白质占22±5%，脂肪占26±6%，碳水化合物占49±4%。“面包和谷物”以及“牛奶和奶制品”是最重要的食物类别。蛋白质补充剂占总蛋白质摄入量的13%。仅靠食物，维生素A、D、E和B1的平均供应量低于推荐量（德国营养学会）的3/4。由于补充剂制剂的高消耗量，大多数选定矿物质和维生素的每日总摄入量——尤其是B族维生素——远远超过推荐的膳食摄入量。空腹血清甘油三酯、磷脂和总胆固醇浓度均值在正常范围内，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平降低。血清胆固醇酯脂肪酸分析证实，通过饮食评估发现必需脂肪酸（亚油酸）的摄入量相当低。总之，对健美运动员的食物选择模式进行一些调整，就能实现均衡饮食，营养补充剂产品的使用将完全多余。
