Kane F, Alary M, Ndoye I, Coll A M, M'boup S, Guèye A, Kanki P J, Joly J R
Groupe de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Université Laval, Quéc City, Canada.
AIDS. 1993 Sep;7(9):1261-5. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199309000-00017.
To assess temporary expatriation as a risk factor for HIV infection in a rural area of Senegal and to examine the transmission of HIV from expatriates to their families.
Cross-sectional study in identified expatriates and in a representative cluster sample of the general population from the same geographical area in northern Senegal.
In 1989, a survey (including questionnaire and serological tests for HIV-1 and HIV-2) was conducted in all expatriates currently living in 11 villages in northern Senegal and spouses of all expatriates (present or not) from this area ('expatriate' group, n = 258). In parallel, a cluster sample of 600 adults was drawn from eight villages of the same area, of whom 414 were selected as the control group since they and their spouses had not travelled outside Senegal in the last 10 years.
In the 'expatriate' group, sera from 39 subjects were confirmed as HIV-positive by Western blot [17 out of 63 men (27.0%) and 22 out of 195 women (11.3%)]. Of these subjects, 33 were infected by HIV-1, four by HIV-2 and two had a dual HIV-1/2 profile. In contrast, only two subjects (one man and one woman) from the control group were infected by HIV-2 and none by HIV-1. In men, HIV-1 seroprevalence was associated with age < 40 years [odds ratio (OR), 7.4; P = 0.03] and previous sexually transmitted disease (STD) symptoms (OR, 13.5; P = 0.03), whereas the risk factors in women were age < 25 years (OR, 3.7; P = 0.04), being a widow (OR, 30.4; P < 0.01) and presence of sexual activity over the last 2 years (OR, 21.3; P < 0.01).
Penetration of HIV-1 infection in a country where HIV-2 is endemic shows that the HIV-1 epidemic is currently spreading to rural West Africa. Migrant workers appear to play a major role in this epidemic.
评估临时移居国外作为塞内加尔农村地区艾滋病毒感染的一个风险因素，并研究艾滋病毒从移居国外者传播给其家人的情况。
对已识别的移居国外者以及来自塞内加尔北部同一地理区域的具有代表性的普通人群整群样本进行横断面研究。
1989年，对当时居住在塞内加尔北部11个村庄的所有移居国外者以及该地区所有移居国外者（无论目前是否在世）的配偶进行了一项调查（包括问卷调查以及针对HIV-1和HIV-2的血清学检测）（“移居国外者”组，n = 258）。与此同时，从同一地区的8个村庄抽取了600名成年人的整群样本，其中414人被选为对照组，因为他们及其配偶在过去10年中未曾出过塞内加尔。
在“移居国外者”组中，39名受试者的血清经免疫印迹法确认为HIV阳性[63名男性中有17名（27.0%），195名女性中有22名（11.3%）]。在这些受试者中，33人感染了HIV-1，4人感染了HIV-2，2人具有HIV-1/2双重感染情况。相比之下，对照组中只有2名受试者（1名男性和1名女性）感染了HIV-2，无人感染HIV-1。在男性中，HIV-1血清阳性率与年龄<40岁[比值比（OR），7.4；P = 0.03]以及既往性传播疾病（STD）症状（OR，13.5；P = 0.03）相关，而女性的风险因素为年龄<25岁（OR，3.7；P = 0.04）、丧偶（OR，30.4；P < 0.01）以及过去2年内有性活动（OR，21.3；P < 0.01）。
在一个HIV-2为地方病的国家出现HIV-1感染，这表明HIV-1疫情目前正在向西非农村地区蔓延。流动工人似乎在这一疫情中发挥了主要作用。
