Metcalfe J
Department of Psychology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.
Psychol Rev. 1993 Jan;100(1):3-22. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.100.1.3.
This article stems from a technical problem in composite-trace distributed models of human memory and particularly in the Composite Holographic Associative Recall Memory (CHARM) model. Briefly, the composite trace--used as a central construct in such models--can become catastrophically out of control. To solve the problem, a prestorage novelty-familiarity monitor and a simple control procedure need to be implemented. Eight lines of experimental evidence converge on the idea that output from such a novelty-familiarity monitor underlies people's metacognitive judgments of feeling of knowing. Breakdown of the monitoring-control mechanism produces Korsakoff-like symptoms in the model. Impairments in feeling-of-knowing judgments and the failure to release from proactive inhibition, both characteristic of Korsakoff amnesia, are thus attributed to a monitoring-control failure rather than to deficits in the basic memory system.
本文源于人类记忆复合痕迹分布模型中的一个技术问题，特别是在复合全息联想回忆记忆（CHARM）模型中。简而言之，复合痕迹——在此类模型中用作核心结构——可能会灾难性地失控。为了解决这个问题，需要实施一个预存储新奇性-熟悉度监测器和一个简单的控制程序。八条实验证据都指向这样一个观点，即这种新奇性-熟悉度监测器的输出是人们对知晓感的元认知判断的基础。监测-控制机制的故障在模型中产生类似柯萨科夫综合征的症状。因此，知晓感判断受损以及无法从 proactive 抑制中释放出来，这两者都是柯萨科夫遗忘症的特征，被归因于监测-控制故障，而不是基本记忆系统的缺陷。
