Prentice D A, Miller D T
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1010.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993 Feb;64(2):243-56. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.64.2.243.
Four studies examined the relation between college students' own attitudes toward alcohol use and their estimates of the attitudes of their peers. All studies found widespread evidence of pluralistic ignorance: Students believed that they were more uncomfortable with campus alcohol practices than was the average student. Study 2 demonstrated this perceived self-other difference also with respect to one's friends. Study 3 traced attitudes toward drinking over the course of a semester and found gender differences in response to perceived deviance: Male students shifted their attitudes over time in the direction of what they mistakenly believed to be the norm, whereas female students showed no such attitude change. Study 4 found that students' perceived deviance correlated with various measures of campus alienation, even though that deviance was illusory. The implications of these results for general issues of norm estimation and responses to perceived deviance are discussed.
四项研究考察了大学生自身对饮酒的态度与其对同龄人态度的估计之间的关系。所有研究都发现了广泛存在的多元无知证据：学生们认为自己比一般学生更难以接受校园饮酒行为。研究2也证明了在朋友方面存在这种感知到的自我与他人的差异。研究3追踪了一个学期内对饮酒的态度，发现了在对感知到的偏差的反应上存在性别差异：随着时间的推移，男学生的态度朝着他们错误地认为是常态的方向转变，而女学生则没有这种态度变化。研究4发现，学生们感知到的偏差与校园疏离感的各种指标相关，尽管这种偏差是虚幻的。文中讨论了这些结果对于规范估计和对感知到的偏差的反应等一般问题的意义。
