Gjone H, Stevenson J
National Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Norway.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1997 Aug;25(4):277-86. doi: 10.1023/a:1025708318528.
This study analyzed the genetic and environmental influences on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and the nature of their cooccurrence in the national Norwegian twin sample. The sample comprised 526 identical and 389 fraternal same-sexed twin pairs from five to birth cohorts, aged 5-6, 8-9, 12-13, 13-14, and 14-15 years. Behavior problems were assessed by parental ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist. A model of additive genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental influences was fitted to both internalizing and externalizing behavior on four sex and age groups. The considerable covariance, r = .51 to .58, between these traits is accounted for mainly by common environmental components; this effect was most marked in the 5 to 9-year olds. Concordance rates for children scoring above 1 standard deviation from the total sample mean on the internalizing scale only, externalizing problems only than for combined problems.
本研究分析了挪威全国双胞胎样本中遗传和环境对内化及外化行为问题的影响，以及它们同时出现的性质。样本包括来自五个出生队列的526对同卵双胞胎和389对同性异卵双胞胎，年龄在5至6岁、8至9岁、12至13岁、13至14岁和14至15岁之间。行为问题通过父母对儿童行为清单的评分来评估。对四个性别和年龄组的内化和外化行为拟合了一个加性遗传、共享和非共享环境影响模型。这些特质之间相当大的协方差（r = 0.51至0.58）主要由共同环境因素解释；这种效应在5至9岁的儿童中最为明显。仅在内化量表上得分高于总样本均值1个标准差的儿童、仅在外化问题上得分高于总样本均值1个标准差的儿童，其一致性率高于合并问题的一致性率。
