Barnett R C, Carr P, Boisnier A D, Ash A, Friedman R H, Moskowitz M A, Szalacha L
Women's Studies Program, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
Acad Med. 1998 Feb;73(2):180-6. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199802000-00017.
To evaluate the relationships between both internal and external career-motivating factors and academic productivity (as measured by the total numbers of publications) among full-time medical faculty, and whether these relationships differ for men and women.
In 1995 a 177-item survey was mailed to 3,013 full-time faculty at 24 randomly selected U.S. medical schools stratified on area of medical specialization, length of service, and gender. Two-tailed t-tests and regression analyses were used to study the data.
A total of 1,764 faculty were used in the final analyses. The women had published two thirds as many articles as had the men (mean, 24.2 vs. 37.8). Intrinsic and extrinsic career motivation were rated similarly (on a three-point scale) by the women and the men: intrinsic career motivation was rated higher (women's mean rating: 2.8, men's mean rating: 2.9) than was extrinsic career motivation (mean rating: 2.1 for both). The main findings of the regression analyses were (1) intrinsic career motivation was positively associated, and extrinsic career motivation was negatively associated, with the number of publications; (2) publication rates were higher for the men than for the women after controlling for career motivation; and (3) there was no significant effect of gender on these relationships.
The women faculty published less than did their men colleagues, but this difference cannot be accounted for by gender differences in career motivation. Further research on institutional support, family obligations, harassment, and other factors that could affect academic productivity is necessary to understand the gender difference in numbers of publications.
评估全职医学教师内部和外部职业激励因素与学术产出（以出版物总数衡量）之间的关系，以及这些关系在男性和女性中是否存在差异。
1995年，一项包含177个条目的调查问卷被邮寄给美国24所随机选取的医学院校的3013名全职教师，这些教师按照医学专业领域、服务年限和性别进行了分层。采用双尾t检验和回归分析对数据进行研究。
最终分析共纳入1764名教师。女性发表的文章数量仅为男性的三分之二（平均数量分别为24.2篇和37.8篇）。女性和男性对内在和外在职业动机的评分相近（采用三点量表）：内在职业动机的评分高于外在职业动机（女性平均评分为2.8，男性平均评分为2.9，而外在职业动机的平均评分均为2.1）。回归分析的主要结果为：（1）内在职业动机与出版物数量呈正相关，外在职业动机与出版物数量呈负相关；（2）在控制职业动机后，男性的发表率高于女性；（3）性别对这些关系没有显著影响。
女性教师的发表量低于男性同事，但这种差异不能用职业动机的性别差异来解释。有必要进一步研究机构支持、家庭责任、骚扰以及其他可能影响学术产出的因素，以了解出版物数量上的性别差异。
