Milburn P D, Barry E B
School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Sports Med. 1998 May;25(5):319-27. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199825050-00003.
While it is quite clear that footwear can provide protection against lower limb injury in running and some court sports, the literature related to footwear design and injury prevention in most sports played on natural turf is limited. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the design of footwear for rugby union and rugby league. Therefore, in this article, information from other sporting codes will be applied to the design and performance characteristics of footwear and surfaces in an attempt to understand the causes of equipment-related injuries in rugby. A complete understanding of the complex interactions between the leg, foot, footwear and the surface has not yet been achieved and as a consequence, precise footwear design criteria to minimise injury, while not compromising the performance aspects of shoe design, have yet to be established. The variable surface conditions experienced by players makes it difficult to provide recommendations as to the ideal footwear for all (or any) conditions. Equally, the ground reaction loads experienced by each player (and playing position) vary sufficiently to make generalisations difficult. Also the foot-fall pattern during weight-bearing is highly individualised and further prohibits making general recommendations about selecting footwear for rugby.
虽然很明显，在跑步和一些球类运动中，鞋类可以为下肢提供防受伤保护，但与天然草皮上进行的大多数运动中鞋类设计和预防受伤相关的文献却很有限。这在英式橄榄球联合会和英式橄榄球联盟的鞋类设计中体现得最为明显。因此，在本文中，将把来自其他体育项目的信息应用于鞋类以及场地的设计和性能特点，以试图了解橄榄球运动中与装备相关的受伤原因。目前尚未完全理解腿部、足部、鞋类和场地之间复杂的相互作用，因此，尚未制定出精确的鞋类设计标准，既能最大限度减少受伤，又不影响鞋类设计的性能方面。球员所经历的场地条件各不相同，因此很难针对所有（或任何）情况推荐理想的鞋类。同样，每个球员（以及比赛位置）所承受的地面反作用力差异很大，难以一概而论。此外，负重时的脚步着地模式高度个性化，这也进一步阻碍了就橄榄球运动中选择鞋类给出一般性建议。
