Fredrickson B L, Roberts T A, Noll S M, Quinn D M, Twenge J M
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1109, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Jul;75(1):269-84. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.75.1.269.
Objectification theory (B. L. Fredrickson & T. Roberts, 1997) posits that American culture socializes women to adopt observers' perspectives on their physical selves. This self-objectification is hypothesized to (a) produce body shame, which in turn leads to restrained eating, and (b) consume attentional resources, which is manifested in diminished mental performance. Two experiments manipulated self-objectification by having participants try on a swimsuit or a sweater. Experiment 1 tested 72 women and found that self-objectification increased body shame, which in turn predicted restrained eating. Experiment 2 tested 42 women and 40 men and found that these effects on body shame and restrained eating replicated for women only. Additionally, self-objectification diminished math performance for women only. Discussion centers on the causes and consequences of objectifying women's bodies.
物化理论（B. L. 弗雷德里克森和T. 罗伯茨，1997）认为，美国文化使女性社会化，使其从观察者的角度看待自己的身体。这种自我物化被假设会（a）产生身体羞耻感，进而导致饮食节制，以及（b）消耗注意力资源，表现为心理表现下降。两项实验通过让参与者试穿泳衣或毛衣来操纵自我物化。实验1对72名女性进行了测试，发现自我物化会增加身体羞耻感，进而预测会导致饮食节制。实验2对42名女性和40名男性进行了测试，发现这些对身体羞耻感和饮食节制的影响仅在女性中得到了重复。此外，自我物化仅降低了女性的数学成绩。讨论集中在物化女性身体的原因和后果上。
