Högman C F
Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
Vox Sang. 1998;74 Suppl 2:177-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1998.tb05419.x.
The production of blood components has undergone several changes during the last decades.
Red blood cells will have slightly different properties depending on the way of preparation: whether a hard or soft spin has been used, whether platelets and/or leukocytes have been removed or not, and whether the red cells have been suspended in part of the original plasma or in an additive solution. Automated techniques are now often used for the separation of buffy coats, red cells and plasma. Recently, apheresis techniques have been applied for the preparation of red cells, mostly in combination with plasma or platelets. Continuous addition of the anticoagulant during collection reduces the delay between collection and separation, but the cost is higher and donor time longer.
Most of the methods for the preparation and storage of red cells allow 35-42 days of storage with a mean in vivo recovery of > 75%. However, the content of erythrocyte 2,3-DPG is commonly lost within 1-2 weeks, caused by the accumulation of acid metabolites, but can be maintained longer with new systems of storage. Leukodepletion of red cells by filtration is used increasingly, but its importance in the majority of transfusions is still unclear.
New options for the preparation and storage of red blood cells are available and undergo continuous evaluation.
在过去几十年间，血液成分的生产发生了若干变化。
根据制备方式的不同，红细胞会具有略有差异的特性：使用的是硬离心还是软离心，是否去除了血小板和/或白细胞，以及红细胞是悬浮于部分原始血浆中还是添加剂溶液中。如今，自动化技术常被用于分离白膜层、红细胞和血浆。近来，单采技术已应用于红细胞制备，大多与血浆或血小板联合使用。采集过程中持续添加抗凝剂可减少采集与分离之间的延迟，但成本更高且供体所需时间更长。
大多数红细胞制备和储存方法允许储存35 - 42天，体内平均回收率> 75%。然而，由于酸性代谢产物的积累，红细胞2,3 - 二磷酸甘油酸（2,3-DPG）含量通常在1 - 2周内丧失，但采用新的储存系统可使其维持更长时间。通过过滤进行红细胞白细胞去除的方法使用得越来越多，但其在大多数输血中的重要性仍不明确。
红细胞制备和储存有了新的选择并在持续评估中。
