Kremen A M, Block J
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Oct;75(4):1062-75. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.75.4.1062.
This study examined the early parenting correlates of ego-control, the modal threshold for the expression or containment of impulse. Fifty-three female and 50 male participants were followed between 3 and 23 years of age. Ego-control was measured in early childhood (ages 3 and 4) and, independently, in early adulthood (ages 18 and 23) using a Q-sort prototype based on observer ratings. Parenting during early childhood was indexed using a self-report inventory of child-rearing orientations at age 3 and observer ratings of parent-child interactions at age 5. Correlations between early parenting and later ego-control, after partialing out early ego-control to control for parents' reactions to their children, revealed meaningful and convergent relations between independently measured data sets. The patterns of results, which differed between male and female participants, are discussed in terms of gender differences in socialization outcomes.
本研究考察了自我控制的早期养育相关因素，自我控制是冲动表达或抑制的典型阈值。对53名女性和50名男性参与者进行了3至23岁的跟踪研究。自我控制在幼儿期（3岁和4岁）以及独立地在成年早期（18岁和23岁）通过基于观察者评分的Q分类原型进行测量。幼儿期的养育方式通过3岁时的育儿取向自我报告量表和5岁时亲子互动的观察者评分来衡量。在排除早期自我控制以控制父母对子女的反应后，早期养育与后期自我控制之间的相关性揭示了独立测量的数据集之间有意义且一致的关系。根据社会化结果中的性别差异，讨论了男性和女性参与者结果模式的差异。
