Shapiro R L, Otieno M R, Adcock P M, Phillips-Howard P A, Hawley W A, Kumar L, Waiyaki P, Nahlen B L, Slutsker L
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch and Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Feb;60(2):271-6. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.271.
Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest reported cholera incidence and mortality rates in the world. In 1997, a cholera epidemic occurred in western Kenya. Between June 1997 and March 1998, 14,275 cholera admissions to hospitals in Nyanza Province in western Kenya were reported. There were 547 deaths (case fatality rate = 4%). Of 31 Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates tested, all but one were sensitive to tetracycline. We performed a case-control study among 61 cholera patients and age-, sex-, and clinic-matched controls. Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors for cholera were drinking water from Lake Victoria or from a stream, sharing food with a person with watery diarrhea, and attending funeral feasts. Compared with other diarrheal pathogens, cholera was more common among persons living in a village bordering Lake Victoria. Cholera has become an important public health concern in western Kenya, and may become an endemic pathogen in the region.
撒哈拉以南非洲地区报告的霍乱发病率和死亡率是世界上最高的。1997年，肯尼亚西部发生了霍乱疫情。在1997年6月至1998年3月期间，肯尼亚西部尼扬扎省有14275例霍乱患者入院治疗。其中547人死亡（病死率=4%）。在检测的31株霍乱弧菌O1分离株中，除1株外其余均对四环素敏感。我们对61例霍乱患者以及年龄、性别和诊所匹配的对照进行了病例对照研究。多变量分析显示，霍乱的危险因素包括饮用维多利亚湖或溪流中的水、与腹泻患者共用餐食以及参加葬礼宴席。与其他腹泻病原体相比，霍乱在居住在维多利亚湖沿岸村庄的人群中更为常见。霍乱已成为肯尼亚西部一个重要的公共卫生问题，并可能成为该地区的地方性病原体。
