Francis W S
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305, USA.
Psychol Bull. 1999 Mar;125(2):193-222. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.193.
Understanding cognitive research on the integration of 2 languages in bilingual memory is difficult because of the different terminology, methodology, analysis, and interpretation strategies that scholars with different backgrounds bring to the research. These studies can be usefully categorized on 2 dimensions: memory for verbal experience versus linguistic knowledge, and systemwise versus pairwise issues. Experimental findings in this area converge on the conclusion that at the word meaning/conceptual level, both episodic and linguistic memory can be characterized as shared at the systems level and at least partly shared at the pairwise translation-equivalent level. Interpretation problems that stem from weak hypothesis testing structure and from covert translation can be minimized by using appropriate design and analysis techniques.
由于不同背景的学者在研究中采用了不同的术语、方法、分析和解释策略，理解关于双语记忆中两种语言整合的认知研究颇具难度。这些研究可以在两个维度上进行有益的分类：言语经验记忆与语言知识，以及系统层面与两两配对层面的问题。该领域的实验结果都指向这样一个结论：在词义/概念层面，情景记忆和语言记忆在系统层面都可被视为共享的，并且在两两翻译对等层面至少部分是共享的。通过使用恰当的设计和分析技术，可以将因假设检验结构薄弱和隐性翻译而产生的解释问题降至最低。
