Qian Z, Climent S, Maynar M, Usón-Garallo J, Lima-Rodrigues M A, Calles C, Robertson H, Castañeda-Zúñiga W R
Department of Radiology, LSU Medical Center at New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 May;20(5):765-70.
Recently, a swine model of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) has been developed that closely resembles a human AVM of the brain. The creation of such a model requires sophisticated neurointerventional techniques. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and cost-effective AVM animal model that does not require additional endovascular techniques.
A surgical anastomosis was created in seven sheep between the common carotid artery and the ipsilateral jugular vein, followed by ligation of the jugular vein above the anastomosis and of the proximal common carotid artery below the anastomosis. The anastomosis was created on the left side in four animals and on the right side in three. Cerebral angiography from the contralateral carotid artery was performed before and immediately after surgery to delineate the relevant cerebral vascular anatomy and to determine the direction of blood flow.
An angiographic appearance simulating an AVM was found in all the animals. The ramus anastomoticus and arteria anastomotica functioned as the feeding vessels to the rete mirabile, which represented the nidus in our model, and to the jugular vein, which represented the draining vein from the malformation. Extensive collateral flow through the rete mirabile into the distal segment of the external carotid artery above the ligature was observed angiographically, with retrograde flow through the surgical anastomosis into the jugular vein.
A simple surgically created experimental model for cerebral AVMs was developed in sheep without the need for additional complex endovascular catheter manipulations of intracranial branches. Such an animal model can substantially reduce the cost of research and training in the neurointerventional or radiosurgical management of AVMs.
最近，已开发出一种脑动静脉畸形（AVM）猪模型，其与人类脑AVM极为相似。创建这样的模型需要复杂的神经介入技术。本研究的目的是开发一种简单且经济高效的AVM动物模型，无需额外的血管内技术。
在7只绵羊的颈总动脉与同侧颈静脉之间进行手术吻合，随后结扎吻合上方的颈静脉和吻合下方的近端颈总动脉。4只动物在左侧进行吻合，3只在右侧进行。在手术前后通过对侧颈动脉进行脑血管造影，以描绘相关的脑血管解剖结构并确定血流方向。
所有动物均出现模拟AVM的血管造影表现。吻合支和吻合动脉作为奇网的供血血管，奇网在我们的模型中代表畸形血管团，同时也是颈静脉的供血血管，颈静脉代表畸形的引流静脉。血管造影观察到广泛的侧支血流通过奇网进入结扎上方颈外动脉的远端节段，同时有逆行血流通过手术吻合口进入颈静脉。
在绵羊中开发出一种简单的通过手术创建的脑AVM实验模型，无需对颅内分支进行额外复杂的血管内导管操作。这样的动物模型可大幅降低AVM神经介入或放射外科治疗研究与培训的成本。
